APUSH 35 Simple IDs

Japanese Americans

A U.S. minority that was forced into concentration camps during World War II

War Production Board

A federal agency that coordinated U.S. industry and successfully mobilized the economy to produce vast quantities of military supplies

WAACs and WAVES

Women’s units of the army and navy during World War II

Bracero Program

Government arrangement whereby substantial numbers of Mexican workers were temporarily brought into the United States to provide agricultural labor

Rosie the Riveter

Symbolic personification of female laborers who took factory jobs in order to sustain U.S. production during World War II

Fair Employment Practices Commission

The federal agency established to guarantee opportunities for African American employment in World War II industries

Philippines

U.S.–owned Pacific archipelago seized by Japan in the early months of World War II

Battle of Midway

Crucial naval battle of June 1942, in which U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz blocked the Japanese attempt to conquer a strategic island near Hawaii

Unconditional Surrender

Controversial U.S.–British demand on Germany and Japan that substituted for a second front

Casablanca Conference

Site of 1943 Roosevelt-Churchill conference in North Africa, at which the Big Two planned the invasion of Italy and further steps in the Pacific war

Tehran

Iranian capital where Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met to plan D-Day in coordination with Russian strategy against Hitler in the East

D-Day

The beginning of the Allied invasion of France in June 1944

Battle of the Bulge

The December 1944 German offensive that marked Hitler’s last chance to stop the Allied advance

Iwo Jima and Okinawa

The last two heavily defended Japanese islands conquered by the United States near the end of World War II in 1945

Manhattan Project

The top-secret project to develop the atomic bomb

Henry J. Kaiser

Leading American industrialist and shipbuilder during World War II

John L. Lewis

Tough head of the United Mine Workers, whose work stoppages precipitated anti-strike laws

A. Philip Randolph

Head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters whose threatened march on Washington opened job opportunities for blacks during World War II

Erwin Rommel

Top German general in North Africa whose advance was finally halted at El Alamein by British General Montgomery

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)

U.S. ally who resisted Japanese advances in China during World War II

Douglas MacArthur

Commander of the U.S. Army in the Pacific during World War II, who fulfilled his promise to return to the Philippines

Chester W. Nimitz

Commander of the U.S. naval forces in the Pacific and brilliant strategist of the island-hopping campaign

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Commander of the Allied military assault against Hitler in North Africa and France

Winston Churchill

Allied leader who met with FDR to plan strategy at Casablanca and Tehran

Joseph Stalin

The Allied leader who constantly pressured the United States and Britain to open a second front against Hitler

Thomas E. Dewey

Republican presidential nominee in 1944 who failed in his effort to deny FDR a fourth term

Henry A. Wallace

FDR’s liberal vice president during most of World War II, dumped from the ticket in 1944

Harry S. Truman

Inconspicuous former senator from Missouri who was suddenly catapulted to national and world leadership on April 12, 1945

Albert Einstein

German-born physicist who helped persuade Roosevelt to develop the atomic bomb

Hirohito

Japanese emperor who was allowed to stay on his throne, despite unconditional surrender policy