Honors Bio Unit 5 Test

List the characteristics of living things.

Growth, Development, Response, Evolve, Use Energy, Made of Cells, Reproduce

What is Biology?

Study of life

What did Robert Hooke do?

Gave cells their name

What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek do?

First to see living cells using a drop of water

What did Matthias Schleiden conclude about plants in 1838?

They are all made of cells

What did Theodor Schwann conclude about animals in 1839?

They are all made of cells

What did Rudolf Virchow discover in the mid-1800s?

Cells come from cells

What is the smallest thing that can carry on all life’s processes?

A cell

List two basic kinds of cells.

Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A cell with no nucleus

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell with no nucleus

What is cytoplasm?

A jellylike substance inside the cell

What do organelles do?

Perform specialized functions in cells

Which shapes are typical for animal and plant cells?

Animal cells are round, plant cells are boxlike

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell, helps maintain homeostasis

What describes the cell membrane structure?

Fluid mosaic model

What is the nucleus and its function?

Control center of the cell, contains DNA

What are chromosomes?

DNA wrapped around proteins

What organelle is the site of photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

What organelle supplies ATP energy?

Mitochondria

What organelle is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins?

Golgi apparatus

What gives a cell structure and helps it move?

Cytoskeleton

What do ribosomes do?

Make proteins

What organelle makes lipids and detoxifies chemicals?

Smooth ER

What organelle has ribosomes attached and makes proteins?

Rough ER

What stores water and other materials?

Vacuole

What protects plant cells and keeps them rigid?

Cell wall

What is the jellylike substance outside the nucleus where organelles are found?

Cytoplasm

Which organelle breaks down old cell parts?

Lysosome

What organelle helps with cell division in animal cells?

Centrioles

What organelle converts sunlight into chemical energy?

Chloroplast

Where is genetic material found?

In the nucleus

What organelle helps maintain cell shape and internal organization?

Cytoskeleton

What is a tissue?

A group of similar cells working together

What is an organ?

A group of tissues working together

What is an organ system?

Group of organs working together

What is an organism?

A living thing

List the levels of organization in living things.

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism

What is homeostasis?

Maintaining a stable internal environment

What is diffusion?

Movement of particles from high to low concentration

What is osmosis?

Diffusion of water across a membrane

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

The cell shrinks

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

The cell swells

What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

The cell stays the same size

What type of transport requires energy?

Active transport

What type of transport does not require energy?

Passive transport

What cell process releases energy from glucose?

Cellular respiration