PHYSICS 12 - Introduction of Physics and Branches

1ST SEM MID-TERM || all terms discussed added WITH enumeration, use "Answer with Term". (Its probably a bit more than what Sir would test? but I put all just in case 😁)

Social, formal, and natural science

It is the 3 branches of science

Social science

It is a branch of science which is for human behavior, society, and social relationship (ex. anthropology, psychology, political science, economy, sociology, etc.)

Formal science

It is a branch of science for abstract systems, logic, and structures (ex. mathematics, statistics, logic, computer science, etc.)

Natural science

It is a branch of science for the natural world and physical universe

Life and physical science

It is the 2 branches of natural science

Life science

It is a branch of natural science where it covers the study of living organisms and life processes (ex. biology, zoology, genetics, etc.)

Physical science

It is a branch of natural science where it covers the study of non-living systems, matter, and energy. (ex. chemistry, physics, astronomy)

Physics

It is the study of matter, energy, motion, and forces. It explains how and why things happen in the physical world.

Classical and modern physics

It is the 2 main branches of physics

Classical science

A branch of physics in which the concepts of science were developed and recognized from the start of the 1920s until before the beginning of the 20th century. It focuses on Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism

Isaac Newton

He is the father of classical physics

Modern physics

It is a branch of physics in which the concepts developed and recognized where since the beginning of the 20th century. It focuses on the behavior of matter and energy under extreme conditions (such as very large or very small)

Albert Einstein

He is the father of modern physics

Classical mechanics (Newtonian mechanics)

it is the study of forces acting on bodies at rest/in motion which is the fundamental laws of motion

Law of Inertia, force and acceleration, and action and reaction

These are the 3 laws of motion created by Isaac Newton

Law of Inertia

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by a net external force

Newton's Second Law

The acceleration of an object depends on its mass and the net force applied to it, expressed by the formula \(F = ma\) (Force equals mass times acceleration)

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Kinematics

It is under mechanics where in It is the study of quantitative description of motion

Statics

It is under mechanics where in It deals with the study of forces at rest

Dynamics

It is under mechanics where in It tackles how motion is brought about

Kinematics, statics, and dynamics

These are the 3 subfields of mechanics

Optics

It is the study of light

Physical optics

It deals with the study of nature, properties, and propagation of light

Physiological optics

It deals with the study of part played by light in vision

Geometrical optics

It deals with the application of reflection and refraction of light in mirrors and lenses

Physical, physiological, and geometrical optics

These are the 3 subfields of optics

Acoustics

The study of nature and propagation of sound

Thermodynamics

The study of temperature and energy; heat flow and transformation of heat energy

Electromagnetism

It is the study of the properties and relationship of electric current and magnetism

Electrostatic

It is the study of electric charges at rest

Electrodynamic

It deals with the study of moving charges

Electrostatic and electrodynamic

These are the 2 subfields of electromagnetism

Classical mechanics, optics, acoustics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism

These are the 5 branches of classical physics

Atomic physics

Deals with the study of the components, structure, and properties of atoms

Nuclear physics

Deals with the structure, properties, reactions, and evolution of atomic nuclei

Quantum physics

Deals on the invisible units of energy called quanta as described in the Quantum Theory

Solid state physics (Condensed matter physics)

Deals with the study of solid materials which include semiconductors and superconductivity

Plasma physics

Deals with the study of ionized (electric charge) gases

Relativistic physics

Deals with phenomena that take place in a frame of reference that in motion with respect to an observer

Astrophysics

Applies Physics to stars, galaxies and the universe

Geophysics

Studies the physical properties of the Earth

Biophysics

Applies Physics to biological system

Atomic, nuclear, quantum, solid state, plasma, relativistic, astrophysics, geophysics, and biophysics

It is the 9 branches of modern physics