CLP MODULE 2 STUDY GUIDE

What characterizes Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Excessive worry and tension, often accompanied by physical symptoms such as restlessness and fatigue.

What is a key feature of Panic Disorder?

Involves recurrent panic attacks, leading to fear of future attacks and significant changes in behavior.

How does anxiety differ from fear?

Anxiety is a mood state anticipating future danger, while fear is an immediate reaction to present danger.

What activates the body's fight-or-flight response?

Fear activates the amygdala, which signals the sympathetic nervous system.

What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the 'fight or flight' response?

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline), released alongside epinephrine (adrenaline).

Which part of the brain is most associated with anxiety symptoms?

The amygdala, part of the limbic system.

What does the Diathesis-Stress Model explain?

Mood disorders arise from the interaction between an individual's predisposition (diathesis) and environmental stressors.

What is Jeffrey Gray’s Behavioral Inhibition System?

A brain circuit that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety.

What is the prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) among genders?

About twice as many individuals with GAD are female than male.

How does GAD prevalence differ among racial groups in the US?

GAD is less common among Asian Americans, Hispanic, and Black adults compared to White adults.

What characterizes Agoraphobia?

An intense fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable during a panic attack.

What is Separation Anxiety Disorder characterized by?

Persistent worry that something will happen to self or loved ones when apart.

What distinguishes Panic Disorder from PTSD?

Panic Disorder involves recurrent panic attacks, while PTSD is related to the aftermath of trauma.

What common obsessions are found in OCD?

Symmetry obsessions, forbidden obsessions, and cleaning/contamination obsessions.

What is Somatic Symptom Disorder?

A disorder involving extreme focus on physical symptoms with no evident medical cause.

What does Hypochondriasis involve?

Excessive worry about having a serious illness despite medical reassurance.

What is the difference between conversion disorder and factitious disorder?

Conversion disorder involves neurological symptoms without a medical cause; factitious disorder is faking symptoms for sympathy.

What is la belle indifference?

A term that describes a patient's lack of concern about their symptoms, often seen in conversion disorders.

What are the symptoms of Derealization-Depersonalization Disorder?

Recurrent episodes of sensations of unreality regarding one’s own body or surroundings.

What is dissociative fugue?

A type of dissociative amnesia involving sudden travel away from home and inability to recall the past.

What is the estimated prevalence of Dissociative Identity Disorder?

Maybe around 1.5%, but more common in females.

How can you tell if someone is faking DID?

Signs include inconsistent symptoms, lack of genuine amnesia, and rapid personality changes.

What physical symptoms can accompany Major Depressive Disorder?

Fatigue, changes in appetite or weight, and sleep disturbances.

What differentiates manic and hypomanic episodes?

Manic episodes are more severe and last longer than hypomanic episodes.

What defines Persistent Depressive Disorder?

At least two years of depressive symptoms with a depressed mood most of the day.

What is postpartum depression also known as?

The 'baby blues' referring to emotional changes after giving birth.

What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?

A mood disorder involving depression that cycles with the seasons, often worsened in winter.

How does Bipolar I disorder differ from Bipolar II disorder?

Bipolar I includes manic episodes, while Bipolar II includes hypomanic episodes.

What percentage of individuals with bipolar disorder die by suicide?

15-20%.

What characterizes rapid cycling in bipolar disorder?

Experiencing at least four manic or depressive episodes within a year.

What are common treatments for mood disorders?

SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Who is known as the father of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?

Dr. Aaron Beck.

What is the first-choice treatment for Bipolar Disorder?

Lithium carbonate.

What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) effective for?

Severe medication-resistant depression.

What is the tenth leading cause of death in the US?

Suicide.

Which demographic has a higher prevalence of suicide?

More prevalent among White and Native Americans, especially those 65 and older.

Who is most likely to commit suicide by impulse?

Individuals with borderline personality disorder.

What are the symptoms of PTSD?

Flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about a traumatic event.

What is the effect of aging on illness anxiety?

Severe illness anxiety has a late age of onset due to more physical health problems.

What does the term factitious disorder imply?

Deliberately faking a disorder for sympathy or attention.