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Who was Tommy Prince
a highly decorated First Nations soldier, wanting to show they [Indians] were as good as any white man.
Who was Charlotte Edith Monture
was the first Indigenous woman to work as a trained nurse in Canada. She was from Six Nations Grand River Reserve, Ontario
Who was Mary Greyeyes
apart of the Canadian Womens Army Corps, becoming the first woman to join the military in 1942The army used her by posing her in a staged photo to try and boost Indigenous recruitment
Define 'Forgottem Soldiers' through an Indigenous lens
abandoned by the Canadian state and denied veterans benefits. faced discrimination, hardships and unfair treatment.
Define 'Bill C-51' through an Indigenous lens
Canada's antiterrorism legislation introduced in 2014 which came into force in 2015, Indigenous public voices and communications can be criminalized. Private conversations can be monitored and collected as evidence of terrorist activities. Indigenous opposition and resistance to real threats to Canada, like clear-cutting of forests, strip-mining of farm lands and/or the contamination of critical waterways, can be considered threats to national security as our resistance to these destructive corporate practices may interfere with Canada's economy
Define 'Forgotten People' through an Indigenous lens
The Métis were scattered following their defeat after the Northwest Resistance. They soon lost all sense of identity and ceased to be a nation. Eventually, they would become known as the forgotten people, a name that still applies today to Canadian policy recognition of Métis people
Define the 'Natural Resources Transfer Agreement' through an Indigenous lens
Instituted in 1930, the Natural Resources Transfer Agreement granted provincial control to crown land and allowed Provincial laws respecting game to apply to Indians - one of the few policies implemented that worked for Indigenous peoples. This agreement ensured that "Indians shall have the right ... of hunting, trapping and fishing game and fish for food at all seasons of the year on all unoccupied Crown lands and on any other lands to which the said Indians may have a right of access."
Who was Lt. Frederick o. Loft
One of the veterans who volunteered for duty in WW1 and felt strongly about the injustice of being confined the Indian act after his service and sought audience with the King of England and British Privy council.
When and where were Indigenous peoples involved in WW1?
1914-1918, Battlefields in Europe
What did Indigenous peoples do in WW1?
served in various roles including scouts and snipers and infantry
Why did Indigenous peoples get involved in WW1?
For reasons including sense of duty, patriotism and desire to prove their worth. As well as could have felt like they did not belong anywhere else after the residential schools and all the trauma.
When did Indigenous peoples get involved in WW2?
1940-1945
Why didnt most of the Indigenous peoples go into the army?
racial barriers combined with stringent health and education requirements to bar First Nations from the Navy or Air Force
What is the Little Ice Age?
climatic cooling began to affect most of what is now Western Canada (particularly Manitoba), which some refer to as the Little Ice Age. Mid 19th Century
What did the 'Little Ice Age' result in?
agricultural failure that brought about the Great Depression and reduced animal populations to critically low levels, making it challenging for Indigenous peoples to catch or grow food needed to survive.
What was the Northwest Resistance?
an armed resistance that consisted of small battles against the Canadian government, which first started out as a peaceful movement
Who was involved in the NorthWest Resistance?
Metis People, leaders being Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont. the aftermath affected other Indigenous groups as well, such as Plain Cree who lost their political power.
Why did the Northwest Resistance end?
the hanging of Louis Riel, and the disbandment of leaders that followed.
What factors drove the Northwest resistance?
economic considerations, and the hope for improved social and political conditions.
Explain what Indian Agents were responsible for:
overseeing the distribution of rations, managing reserves, enforcing government regulations, and reporting on the activities of Indigenous communities
Explain Enlistment:
the act of joining or signing up for military service, and it played a significant role in the context of Indigenous peoples during World War I and World War II.
Explain the Issues with the Soldier Settlement Act:
Allowed for surrendered reserve lands to bepurchased for Euro-Canadian veterans. Indigenous veterans did not qualify for this benefit unless they agreed to give up status due to enfranchisement.
Explain the Impact of the amendment to section9 of the 'Citizenship Act':
First Nations people were granted the right to vote in federal elections
