Organ Systems

A set of 45 vocabulary flashcards covering various organ systems, their structures, functions, and related terms based on the lecture notes.

Organ

Structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues that can perform a complex function.

Organ system

Group of organs that perform a more complex function than can any organ alone.

Integumentary System

Includes the skin and its appendages; primary function is protection.

Skeletal System

Provides a supporting framework, protects organs, allows movement, stores minerals, and forms blood cells.

Muscular System

Primary organ system responsible for movement; includes voluntary and involuntary muscles.

Nervous System

Controls body functions and communication between organs through the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Endocrine System

Controls body functions through hormones; includes glands such as the pituitary and thyroid.

Cardiovascular System

Also known as the circulatory system; responsible for transporting substances throughout the body.

Lymphatic System

Transports lymph and plays a crucial role in immunity.

Immune System

Protects the body from harmful agents through cells and proteins.

Respiratory System

Facilitates gas exchange and regulates acid-base balance.

Digestive System

Responsible for the breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.

Urinary System

Cleans blood of waste products and maintains electrolyte and water balance.

Male Reproductive System

Contains organs such as testes and structures for sperm production and transfer.

Female Reproductive System

Includes ovaries and structures for ova production, fertilization, and nurturing offspring.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.

Lymph nodes

Organs of the lymphatic system important for filtering lymph and housing immune cells.

Phagocytes

Type of immune cell that protects the body by engulfing and digesting foreign particles.

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found in the heart; responsible for pumping blood.

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary muscle tissue responsible for movement attached to bones.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in walls of organs, facilitating various functions.

Vertebrae

Bone segments that make up the spinal column.

Ligaments

Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones at joints.

Cartilage

Connective tissue that cushions joints and provides structure.

Appendages of Skin

Structures such as hair, nails, and glands associated with the skin.

Hemoglobin

Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Urine

Excreted fluid containing waste products removed from the blood.

Neuroendocrine System

A combination of the nervous and endocrine systems.

Blood Vessels

Structures that carry blood throughout the body; includes arteries and veins.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Kidneys

Organs responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

Hormones

Chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system.

Sweat glands

Skin appendages that help regulate body temperature.

Mammary Glands

Organs that produce milk in female mammals.

Acid-Base Balance

The maintenance of stable pH levels in the body fluids.

Electrolyte Balance

The regulation of ion concentrations in body fluids.

Feces

Undigested waste expelled from the digestive tract.

Dialysis Machine

A device that performs the functions of the kidneys in patients with kidney failure.

Stem Cell Treatment

Therapy involving the use of stem cells to repair or replace damaged tissues.

Prostheses

Artificial devices used to replace missing body parts.

Immune Cells

Cells that are part of the immune system, defending against pathogens.

Thermal Regulation

The process of maintaining an internal temperature within a tolerable range.

Ovaries

Female gonads that produce ova and hormones.

Testes

Male gonads that produce sperm and hormones.

Spleen

Organ involved in filtering blood and supporting immune functions.

Gallbladder

Organ that stores and concentrates bile used in digestion.