TRIGGER 7- HIERARCHY OF LEARNING

Eight basic types of learning

1. Verbal Learning

2. Visual Learning

3. Auditory Learning

4. Kinesthetic Learning

5. Logical/Mathematical Learning

6. Social Learning

7. Solitary Learning

8. Emotional Learning

Verbal Learning

Acquiring knowledge and skills through spoken or written language. (Temporal and Frontal)

Verbal learner

is someone who prefers using words, both in speech and in writing to assist in their learning. They make the most of word-based techniques, scripting, and reading content aloud.

Visual Learning (Spatial)

Absorbing information through visual cues such as

images, diagrams, and charts.

The occipital lobes at the back of the brain manage the visual sense. Both the occipital and parietal lobes manage spatial orientation.

Visual learners

prefer to use pictures, images, diagrams, colors, and mind maps.

Auditory Learning

Understanding and retaining information through listening and hearing.

Aural learners

prefer using sound (obviously), rhythms, music, recordings, clever rhymes, and so on.

Kinesthetic Learning

Learning by engaging in physical activities and hands-on experiences.

Physical learners

"learn by doing" people that use their body to assist in their learning.

All strategies of the Physical learner

Drawing diagrams, using physical objects, or role playing.

Cerebellum and the Motor Cortex at the back of the frontal lobe

handle much of our physical movement.

Logical/Mathematical Learning

Grasping concepts through logical reasoning, problem-solving, and mathematical thinking.

Logical learners

prefer using logic, reasoning, and "systems" to explain or understand concepts. They aim to understand the reasons behind the learning, and have a good ability to understand the bigger picture.

Parietal lobes

especially the left side, drive our logical thinking.

Social Learning

Gaining knowledge and skills by observing and interacting with others in a social context.

Social learners

enjoy learning in groups or with other people and aim to work with others as much as possible.

Frontal and Temporal lobes

handle much of our social activities.

Limbic system

(not shown apart from the hippocampus) also influences both the social and solitary styles. The system influences emotions, moods and aggression.

Solitary Learning

Thriving in individualized and self-paced learning environments.

Solitary Learning

prefers to learn alone and through self-study.

Solitary learners are active with this styles:

frontal lobes, parietal lobes and limbic system.

Emotional Learning

Acquiring knowledge and skills through emotional experiences and understanding one's own emotions and the emotions of others.

Two aspects of Gagne's hierarchy of learning:

-Eight Types of Learning

-Progressive Learning

Robert M. Gagne

American educational Psychologist proposed a system for classifying different types of learning. He identified eight basic arranged in a hierarchy.

Signal Learning

when an individual responds to a signal (stimulus) with a conditioned response. The response is automatic and not consciously controlled.

Signal Learning

Example:

Hand Withdrawal: You quickly pull your hand back when you see a hot object.

Signal: Sight of a hot object.

Response: Withdrawing your hand.

Stimulus-Response Learning (Operant Conditioning)

This type of learning involves making specific responses to specific stimuli.

Stimulus-Response Learning (Operant Conditioning)

Example:

Child Learning to Speak: A child learns to say "Mama" when prompted.

Stimulus: Request to say "Mama."

Response: Saying "Mama."

Chaining

is an advanced form of learning where individuals connect a series of previously learned stimulus-response (S-R) bonds into a linked sequence.

This method is crucial for mastering complex skills.

It is a sequential Learning. each response in the sequence acts as a stimulus for the next response.

Chaining

Examples:

Riding a Bicycle: Balancing, pedaling, steering, and braking are linked together to ride a bike.

Playing the Piano: Reading music, pressing keys, and coordinating hands are linked to play a piece.

Verbal Association

is a form of chaining where the links between items are verbal in nature. It plays a crucial role in the development of language skills.

Verbal Chaining

Verbal Association is also known as?

Verbal Chaining

connecting verbal unit in a sequence to form associations.

Verbal Chaining

Simple Association:

Example: A child sees a ball and says "ball."

Extended Association:

Example: The child extends this to "the red ball," creating a three-link chain (observation, identifying the color, naming the object).

Discrimination Learning

involves the ability to make different responses to a series of similar stimuli that differ in a systematic way. Learning to respond appropriately to different but similar stimuli.

Discrimination Learning

It is when a person learns to tell the difference between similar things. It's about recognizing how things are not the same, even if they look or sound alike.

Discrimination Learning

Example: Teachers use discrimination learning by learning to call each student by the correct name, even if some names are similar.

Concept Learning

involves developing the ability to make consistent

responses to different stimuli that share a common class or category.

Learning to respond similarly to different stimuli that belong to the same category.

Concept Learning

Examples:

Color Concept: Recognizing all red objects (apples, cars, shirts) as belonging to the "red" category.

Shape Concept: Identifying various round objects (balls, coins, wheels) as belonging to the "circle" category.

A child learns the concept of "fruit" by identifying common characteristics such as being edible, sweet, and containing seeds. They can then categorize apples,

oranges, and bananas as fruits.

Rule Learning

is a high-level cognitive process where individuals learn relationships between concepts and apply these relationships in new situations.

Understanding and applying the relationships between different concepts.

Rule Learning

Examples:

Math Rules:

Basic Rules: Learning addition and subtraction.

Complex Rules: Using these to understand and apply the rules of algebra.

Grammar Rules:

Basic Rules: Understanding subject-verb agreement and tense.

Complex Rules: Constructing complex sentences using these basic grammar rules

Problem Solving

is the highest level of cognitive process according to Gagne. It involves creating complex rules or procedures to solve specific problems and applying these methods to similar issues.

Problem Solving

involves using multiple simpler rules to create a higher-order rule. Requires internal cognitive processes often referred to as thinking.

Problem Solving

Examples:

Math Problems:

Example: Solving a complex equation by applying rules of algebra, geometry, and calculus.

Daily Life:

Example: Planning a trip by combining knowledge of geography, budgeting, and time

management.

An engineer uses knowledge of physics, mathematics, and materials science to design a bridge

that can withstand specific loads and environmental conditions.

Albert Einstein

If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough.