Social Influence and Attribution Theory

These flashcards encompass key concepts related to social influence, attribution theory, and impression formation as discussed in the lecture.

Dangerous Conformity

A phenomenon where individuals fail to act in a dangerous situation because others around them are not reacting.

Attribution Theory

A framework for understanding the reasons behind the actions of others, focusing on internal (dispositional) and external (situational) causes.

Dispositional Attribution

Attributing someone's behavior to their internal traits or characteristics.

Situational Attribution

Attributing someone's behavior to external factors or the environment.

Kelley's Covariation Model

A theory suggesting that multiple observations across different contexts are needed to make accurate attributions about a person's behavior.

Consistency

The degree to which a person behaves similarly in the same situation over time.

Distinctiveness

The extent to which a person's behavior varies across different contexts.

Consensus

The extent to which a person's behavior aligns with the behaviors of others.

Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency to attribute others' behaviors to internal causes while overlooking external factors.

Actor-Observer Bias

The tendency to attribute one's own behaviors to situational factors while attributing others' behaviors to dispositional factors.

Self-Serving Bias

The tendency to credit personal successes to internal causes and failures to external factors.

False Consensus Effect

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and opinions.

Impression Formation

The process of formulating opinions about individuals or groups, heavily influenced by initially available information.

Primary Effect

The tendency to give more weight to the first information received when forming an impression.

Confirmation Bias

The propensity to favor information that confirms existing beliefs and to ignore contradictory evidence.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A phenomenon where one's beliefs or expectations about an outcome influence actions to bring about that outcome.