Alevel Business Motivation Theories

what are the different motivational theories ?

1.) Taylors Scientific Management
2.) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
3.) Herzberg's Two Factor Theory
4.) McGregor's Theory X and Y
5.) Elton Mayo Human Relation School

What is Taylor's scientific management used to analyse?

the management of workers

What are Taylor's key ideas that motivate workers?

-payment by piece rate
-division of labour and specialisation resulting in greater efficiency
-supervision and monitoring staff

What is the problem of piece rate used as motivation?

-could lead to low standard and quality
-not all workers are motivated by money

What is the problem of using division of labour and specialisation as motivation?

-they might become bored or demotivated
-specialisation causes having to employee specialist staff or efficiency might slow

What is the problem of supervising workers?

staff may feel a lack of trust if always supervised

What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

according to Maslow, people are motivated to reach the next level of the hierarchy. However one may become demotivated if they struggle to reach the next level

What are the problems of Maslow's theory?

-some rewards fit into more than one level
-it can be hard to recognise what level someone is at
-self actualisation is very difficult to achieve and is never permanently achieved

What are the levels in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

1) Physiological Needs
2) Safety Needs
3) Social Needs
4) Esteem Needs
5) Self Actualisation Needs

what are aspects of the first level in Maslow's hierarchy?

-food
-water
-air
-rest
-sex

what are aspects of the second level in Maslow's hierarchy?

-security
-freedom from pain and threats

what are aspects of the third level in Maslow's hierarchy?

-affection
-love
-friendship

what are aspects of the fourth level in Maslow's hierarchy?

-recognition
-status
-achievement

what are aspects of the fifth level of Maslow's hierarchy?

-personal growth
-self fulfilment

What is Herzberg's Two Factor Theory?

this theory states the two groups of factors that affect employee motivation

what are the two factors in Herzberg's Two Factor Theory?

satisfiers and hygiene factors

what are satisfiers in the two factor theory?

these enhance job satisfaction

what are examples of satisfiers in the two factor theory?

-achievement
-recognition
-responsibility
-growth opportunity

what are hygiene factors in the two factor theory?

these will produce job satisfaction if not handled well and these factors always need to be met

what are examples of hygiene factors in the two factor theory?

-company policy
-supervision
-working conditions
-job security

what are problems with the two factor theory?

-one person may consider something to be a hygiene factor where someone else may disagree
-hygiene factors expectations change

What is McGregor's Theory X and Y?

he examined how managers attitudes affected how workers behaved

lazy worker

theory x

need to be pushed

theory x

avoid responsibility

theory x

have no initiative

theory x

responds to threats

theory x

keen

theory y

will work on their own

theory y

seek responsibility

theory y

seek to show initiative

theory y

respond to rewards

theory y

What is the Elton Mayo Human Relation school theory?

he set up experiments with two teams of workers and varied the physical environment such as temperature in one group and kept the other group the same

what did Elton Mayo find in his experiments?

that the control group productivity improved everyday

what does Elton Mayo's findings show?

that social factors stimulated productivity gains the most because they felt so special being a part of the experiment they created bonds with the people who they were working with and the managers

what developed productivity the most in his experiment?

-communication with managers
-feeling recognised
-having two way communication