evident for evolution

what are the 5 types of ways to identify evolution

homologous structures, vestigal structures, DNA evidence, embryological development, fossil record

difference homologous and analogous structures.

homologous has same origin, but different functions and is a result of divergent evolution….. analogous is different origin but same functions, and it is a result of convergent evolution.

vestigal structures

structure that has been reduced in size and function but may have been complete and functional at one point

DNA evidence

species that share a closer evolution history will be more similar. ( a human and gorilla hemoglobin are only apart by 1 amino acid. but human and frog is 67 amino acid)

embryological development

when embryos of different species develop in very similar wars, it suggests they have a common ancestor. (humans birds and fish embryos all have gills even though they develop into different things later)

fossil record

gives us a timeline on how long evolution takes although there are many gaps. it also show similarities between extinct animals and animals of today.

If shown a picture of different animal embryos with similar development, what does this imply about their ancestry? 

If a picture shows that different animal embryos look nearly identical during their early development, it strongly implies that they all share a recent common ancestor.

Genetic drift is more likely to occur under which model: gradualism or punctuated equilibrium? 

Punctuated Equilibrium because it involves small, isolated groups splitting off from a main population, and small groups are highly vulnerable to random chance events that rapidly change their gene pool.

how to tell between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

gradualism is smooth consistent lines like y shaped and punctuated equilibrium is sharp jagged lines indicating rapid immediate change

gradualism

change happens slowly and gradually over a long period of time, rather than suddenly or in large heaps (slow and steady)

punctuated equilibrium

species experience long periods of little to no change punctuated by short periods of rapid and substantial change. ( stable until something big happens)

main causes of punctuated equilibrium

mass extinction events, migration into new environments, and isolation of small populations.