Ions, Chemical Compounds, and Bonding Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards defining common anions, ionic compounds, ionic bonds, covalent bonding, and molecular compounds based on the lecture material.

Chloride ion

A negatively charged anion ($Cl^-$) that alters nerve cell responsiveness to stimulation, serves as a component of stomach acid ($HCl$), and is involved in the chloride shift in erythrocytes.

Bicarbonate ion

A negatively charged anion ($HCO_3^-$) involved in the conversion of $CO_2$ gas for transport in the blood and the buffering of pH in blood.

Phosphate ion

The most common intracellular anion ($PO_4^{3-}$) that functions as an intracellular buffer, hardens bone and teeth as $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$, and serves as a component of phospholipids, nucleotides, ATP, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Chemical compounds

Stable associations between two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio, classified as either ionic or molecular.

Ionic compounds

Structures composed of ions held together in a lattice crystal structure by ionic bonds.

Ionic bonds

Attractions formed when cations and anions are bound together by electrostatic attractions.

Salts

Compounds formed by cations and anions bound by electrostatic attractions, such as table salt ($NaCl$).

Covalently bonded molecule

A structure formed when electrons are shared between atoms of two or more different elements.

Molecular compounds

Molecules composed of two or more different elements, such as carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), as distinguished from single-element molecules such as molecular oxygen ($O_2$).