8: Communicating in Groups

Human Communication within a Group

An interdependent system of three or more individuals with a common goal, where multiple inputs and responses influence each member's behavior and group culture emerges over time.

Primary Groups

Characterized by informal structures and close personal relationships, with automatic or chosen membership based on strong common interests, and no predetermined end dates, serving as a source of socialization.

Secondary Groups

Time-limited with specific goals and functions, having a prescribed formal structure, designated leader, and ending when goals are achieved.

Group Communication in Healthcare

Utilized in counseling, therapy, psychoeducation, and interprofessional clinical teams to achieve goals, with small groups providing valuable informational inputs for professional education and practice.

Characteristics of Small Group Communication Therapy

Involving group purpose, group goals, cohesion, group size and composition, selection criteria for group members, interpersonal compatibility, norms, group role positions, group dynamics, and theoretical concepts like group process.

Group Purpose

Defines the group's existence and guides decision-making, influencing communication and activities needed to achieve group goals in various healthcare settings.

Group Goals

Define therapeutic or work outcomes, serving as benchmarks for success, and should be achievable, measurable, and aligned with member interests to energize the group.

Cohesion

Refers to group unity and collaboration towards common goals, enhancing group identity and productivity through shared goals and positive interactions.

Group Size and Composition

Determined by the group's purpose, with patient-centered therapeutic groups typically consisting of six to eight members, and selection criteria focusing on functional similarity and commitment to group goals.

Interpersonal Compatibility

Enhances task interdependence and group cohesion, enriching group conversation through differences and achieving consensus.

Norms

Unwritten rules of conduct expected of members, including universal norms essential for effective group functioning and group-specific norms constructed by members.

Group Role Positions

Correspond with status, power, and internal image perceived by other group members, influencing communication and responses within the group.

Group Dynamics

Refer to communication processes and behaviors within a group, interacting to achieve the group's purpose, with the group leader integrating variables for effective group processes.

Group Role Functions

Different from positional roles, encompass behaviors chosen by members to move toward goal achievement (task functions) or ensure personal satisfaction (maintenance functions), with a balance enhancing group productivity.

Dysfunction

Occurs when a group member's actions do not advance the group's purpose, with nonfunctional self-roles hindering goal achievement.

Applications to Health-Related Groups

Determine group structure, membership, and format in clinical settings, with examples including therapeutic, support, activity, health education groups, and considerations for group environment, leadership, and membership.