Addiction

What are psychoactive drugs?

Drugs that have an effect on our nervous system, influencing behavior and thoughts through neurotransmitter or physiological arousal.

What is the oral route of drug administration?

Ingestion, which is easier but may have slower effects compared to other methods.

What are the benefits of injection as a drug administration method?

Bypasses the digestive tract, providing faster and more consistent effects.

What are the three types of injections?

Subcutaneously (SC), Intramuscularly (IM), and Intravenously (IV).

What is drug metabolism?

The process by which the actions of most drugs are terminated by enzymes in the liver.

What is drug tolerance?

Decreased sensitivity to a drug, often resulting in a shift in the dose-response curve to the right.

What is cross tolerance?

When tolerance to one drug leads to tolerance to another drug that causes similar effects.

What is the difference between metabolic and functional tolerance?

Metabolic tolerance refers to how much of a drug is broken down, while functional tolerance refers to the actual effects at the synapses.

What defines addiction?

Addicts are individuals who continue to use a drug despite its adverse effects on health and social life.

What are withdrawal symptoms?

Symptoms that occur when drug use is terminated, as the body has adapted to the drug's presence.

What is conditioned drug tolerance?

Tolerance that develops in specific environments associated with drug use.

What are five commonly abused drugs?

Tobacco, Alcohol, Marijuana, Cocaine, and Opiates.

What is the main active compound in tobacco?

Nicotine.

What are the effects of long-term tobacco use?

Smoker's syndrome and increased susceptibility to lethal lung disorders.

What are the effects of chronic alcohol consumption?

Severe withdrawal symptoms, Korsakoff's syndrome, cirrhosis, and fetal alcohol syndrome.

What is THC?

The main psychoactive component of marijuana.

What are the adverse effects of heavy marijuana use?

Respiratory problems, potential heart attacks, and possible correlation with schizophrenia.

What are the medical uses of marijuana?

Treating nausea, blocking seizures, dilating bronchioles, decreasing glaucoma severity, and reducing pain.

What is cocaine classified as?

A stimulant that increases neural and behavioral activity.

What is the risk associated with opiate addiction?

High risk of addiction, with initial rush and tolerance developing quickly.

What is the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction?

It explains addiction through the difference between wanting (positive incentive value) and liking (hedonic value) a drug.

What are common causes of relapse in addiction?

Stress, priming, and environmental cues.