Wildlife Diseases and Zoonoses in Southeast Asia

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)

measles genus, domestic dogs considered reservoir, direct contact spread, causes respiratory, GI , and skin disease through infection of epithelial cells, treatment available but depending on strain prognosis varies

Feline Calicivirus (FCV)

multiple strains, transmitted through oral, nasal, or ocular secretions, treatment for mild cases=outpatient care, can be treated, if severe can be fatal

Rabies

Rhabdovirus family, lyssavirus genus, spread via saliva by bites or mucus membrane contact, furious and dumb rabies, fatal in animals, milwaukee protocol treatment for humans

Foot and Mouth Disease(FMD)

Family Picornavirus, genus aphthovirus, spread through droplet inhalation, contaminated items, protracted covalence and shedding, infects epithelial cells in nasopharynx, low mortality in adults, high morbidity

Influenza antivirals

Orthomyxovirus, wild bird reservoir, transmitted indirectly through airborne particles, high mutation rate, symptomatic treatment, possible quarantine for certain strains(HPAI), LPAI= low mortality, HPAI= High Mortality

Lumpy Skin Disease(LSD)

poxviridae family, capripoxvirus genus, effects cattle, transmission via biting arthropods, localized swelling , oral and nasal discharge, skin nodules, fever, can be treated, mortality rate 1-5%

Brucellosis

Brucella bacteria, contact with tissue associated with birthing or abortion or udder, survives in macrophages and spread to retinol lymph nodes, treatment is usually not attempted in animals, can be attempted in dogs, there is a human treatment

Leptospirosis

Spirochete bacteria, transmitted through broken skin, water softened skin, and mucous membranes, invades bloodstream, may be fatal, most infections are subclinical or chronic

Q Fever

Coxiella burnetti, tramitted via inhalation ot ingestion, survives and replicates in macrophages and monocytes, infect endothelial cells, Treatment sucessful and possible

Hemorrhagic Septicemia

Pasteurella multocida, ungulates, transmitted via direct contact, infects nasopharyngeal tissue and tonsils, high morbidity and mortality, if caught early can give antibiotics