module 1-3 ; unit 1 ౨ৎ

ap psych

Socrates

Believed that the mind was separate from the body, derived genetics , and that the mind continued after death

Plato

Same beliefs as Socrates ( Was a student ) , thought knowledge after death continued within as well

Aristotle

Taught by Plato , believed opposite ; mind inseparable from body + knowledge obtained through observation

Decartes

Derived “Animal spirits” flowing though nerves into the nervous system

Wundt

The “Father of experimental psychology” , worked with Titchner

Titchner

Introduction to introspection

Structuralists

Use of introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

Introspection

Process of looking inward in an attempt to directly observe one’s psychological process

John Locke

Formed modern empiricism

Empiricism

Idea that ones knowledge comes from experience

William James

Function ; Thoughts & feelings

Charles Darwin

Animal and Human behavior

Functionalism

James + Dewey + Darwin ; Explored how the mental and behavioral processes function : adapt , survive , flourish

Dorothea Dix

Founded at least 30 hospitals - all in order to treat the mentally ill, of which were considered to be incurable / untreatable

Mary Whiton Calkins

Denied a Ph.D. , memory analysis research , 1st APA president ( Professional , academic psychologists )

Margaret Floy Washburn

1st woman to receive a Ph.D. , studied animal behavior

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalytic Psychology , studied the unconscious mind + childhood-affecting behaviors , worked with Jung & Alder

B.F. Skinner

Studied how consequences affected behavior , worked with John Watson

John Watson

Dismissed introspection ; redefined psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior” ; studied on a baby known as “Little Albert”

Behaviorism

The view that psychology is an objective science reinforcing behaviors to mental processes

Ivan Pavlov

Introduced Classical Conditioning , behaviors of dogs & foods to sounds , worked with Kandel

Humanistic Psychology

A historically scientific perspective emphasizing human growth potential

G. Stanley Hall

Cognitive science . . . that’s it

evolutionary psychology

study of behavior, thought, & feeling through the lens of evolutionary biology

gesalt psychology

schools founded 20th cen., provided foundation for the study of modern perception

psychodynamic psychology

emphasizes systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, feelings, & emotions ; early experience

cognitive psychology

branch of psychology dedicated to study peoples thoughts

social-cultural psychology

examines the influences of social and cultural environment on behavior

behavior-genetics psychology

study of the manner-genetic variation affects psychological phenotypes, cognitive abilities, persona mental illness, social attitude

neuroscience perspective

study of the body;s functional psychological processes based on activities of neutral + structural processes in the brain

levels of analysis; biopsychosocial approach

biological , psychological , & social factors - complex interactions in understanding health, illness, & heath care delivery

applied research

non-systematic way of finding solutions to specific issues / problems

basic research

scientific investigations that are conducted to expand knowledge and understanding in a particular field, without any immediate practical application or goal.

psychometrics

science of measuring mental capacities / processes

developmental

study how people grow, develop, & adapt - diff. life stages

educational

relationship between learning + physical + social environment

personality

investigating persistent traits

social

exploring how we view and affect one another

counselling

help people cope with challenges / crisis

clinical

assess + treat people w/ behavioral / mental disorders

psychiatrics

medical doctors licensed to prescribe medicine

community psychologists

work to create social + physical environments - healthy

experimental

study variety of basic behavioral mental processes

industrial organization

relationships btwn ppl + their work environments

human factors

allied with industrial organization ; explore how people + machines interact

psychometrics

measurement of human abilities through observement

quantitive

study + develop methods for collecting + analyzing thru surveys + focus groups

foresenic

emphasizes application of research + experiments