Genes

1) What does the chromosome theory of inheritance state?

Jeans are located on chromosomes

2) What accounts for inheritance patterns?

The behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization ( law of segregation) ( Law of Independent Assortment)

3) What is genetics & Who is the father of genetics?

It is a branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation

4) Both Knight and Goss were studying edible peas

Pisum sativum.

What were the reasons for choosing peas?

They have short generation time

5) Instead of just guessing how traits were passed down from parent to offspring what did Mendel do first?

He was the first person to anaylze patterns of inheritance

6) Mendel deduced the fundamental principles of genetics including that parents pass on what?

discrete heritable factors (later known as genes) responsible for inherited traits

7) Mendel chose the garden pea for what 2 reasons?

Available in many different shapes and colors

8) What does it mean to self-pollinate versus cross pollination?

Self-pollinate: the pollen of a plant pollinates its own ovules

9) What is a monohybrid cross?

A cross between parent plants that differ in only one trait/characteristic

10) Alternative forms of a gene that influence the same trait and are found at the same location in?

Alleles

11) What are 5 lessons we learned from Mendel?

Existence of genes

12) The gene may have different forms called what?

alleles

13) What is the principle of segregation?

Two alleles (A and a) segregate during gamete formation then the fusion of gametes at fertilization creates allele pairs again

14) What is random fertilization?

The union of one gamete from each parent to form the zygote Is Random

15) What is a homozygote & What letters represent a recessive homozygote?

An individual that carries two identical alleles of a particular gene (tt)

16) What is a heterozygote & What letters represent a heterozygote?

An individual that carries two different alleles of a particular gene (Tt)

17) What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?

Genotype: the genetic makeup of an individual; Phenotype: the physical appearance of an individual

18) What is the principle of independent assortment?

The alleles of different genes segregate (assort) independently

19) What is a carrier?

Person with one copy of the allele for a recessive disorder and does not exhibit symptoms

20) What is an example of a dominant disorder & Is a dominant allele always more common in a population than the corresponding recessive allele?

Achondroplasia; no it is not

21) What is incomplete dominance?

F1 Hybrids have an appearance in between the phenotypes of the two pure breeding parents

22) What is hypercholesterolemia & What do the recessive alleles represent in these patients?

a trait that is incompletely dominant, a recessive allele (h), that represents high levels of cholesterol in the blood

What do the heterozygous alleles represent in hypercholesterolemia patients?

Hh

23) What is an example of codominance/multiple alleles in humans?

Two of the human blood type alleles exhibit codominance where both alleles are expressed in the phenotype

24) What is pleiotropy & What is an example of this?

The impact of a single gene on more than one hereditary characteristic, sickle-cell disease

25) What is polygenic inheritance & What is an example of this?

The additive effects of 2 or more genes on a single phenotype, skin pigmentation

27) Recessive sex-linked traits are expressed much more frequently in who & Why & What is an example of a sex-linked blood disorder in humans?

In men, because they only inherit one sex-linked recessive allele from their mother, and a woman needs to inherit two alleles to exhibit the trait, hemophilia

28) What is hemophilia?

It is a blood clotting disease