Battles of The World War 2
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64 Terms
the allies included…
Britain, France, and Commonwealth countries (such as Canada, Australia, and Netherlands).
the axis powers included…
Germany, Italy, and Japan.
what are the 3 kick starter events of World War 2?
Phony War, Evacuation of Dunkirk, and North African Campaign
Phony War
7 months from Oct 1939 to April 1940, the allied troops waited along the France-Germany border, but nothing happened
Germany used blitzkrieg (a war tactic of surprise), attack Denmark and Norway in April 1940
Germany conquered the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium within weeks all 3 countries had been overrun
Evacuation of Dunkirk
German panzers (tanks) surrounded allied troops in France
From May 26 to June 4 1940, England rounded up every boat to evacuate the allied troops
how many soldiers were saved in the evacuation of Dunkirk?
340,000 soldiers were saved
when did France surrender to Germany?
June 22, 1940
when did the North African Campaign occur?
1940-1943
why did the axis powers want countries in North Africa?
Germany wanted to create a German lake (Roman lake) and attempted to take countries in North Africa
control over natural resources specifically oil which can fuel their troops
what 2 places did the Axis have control of?
the strait of Gibraltar and Suez Canal gave access to rich oil
who and when won the North African Campaign?
Allies won in May 1943
what are the 11 important battles for Canada?
battles for Britain, operation barbarossa, battle of Hong Kong, battle of the atlantic, Dieppe Raid, battle of Sicily, battle of Ortona, D-Day, battle of the Scheldt, and liberation of the netherlands
what is “Operation Sea Lion”?
Hitler’s plan to invade Britain
what are the 2 things “Operation Sea Lion” relied on?
relied on the Royal Air Force (RAF) to be defeated so German forces could cross the English Channel and land in Britain
obtaining Britain (a great power) Germany would have complete control of western Europe
what is the blitz? (retaliation after Britain bombed Berlin Germany…)
raids from the Luftwaffe (German air force) on London
when did Hitler abandon “Operation Sea Lion”?
Sept 1940
how many people died in the battle for Britain?
23,000 people were killed
when did Operation Barbarossa?
On June 22, 1941, after defeat in Britain
what does barbarossa mean?
red beard
Operation Barbarossa (3)
attacked the Soviet Union (breaking the non-aggression pact)
wanted resources, agricultural land, and labour for the German army
conquering it was a part of the plans for the German empire
By Autumn, the Germans reached…
the outskirts of Moscow and Leningrad (St. Petersburg)
What stopped the Germans progression?
Rough winters stopped the Germans progression several times (just like Napoleon)
how many German casualties during Operation Barbarossa and when did they retreat?
more than 300,000 casualties, began to retreat in 1942
when did pearl harbour happen?
On December 7th, 1941
Pearl Harbour
Japan planes bombed a U.S. naval base in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii then bombed the Philippines
how many people were killed in pearl harbour?
2,400 people were killed
when did the U.S. join the allies?
On Dec 8, 1941
how many Canadian soldiers were sent to the Battle of Hong Kong?
2,000 soldiers (2 battalions)
Black Christmas
December 25, 1941 → Hong Kong became overrun by Japan
how many Canadian POWs and how were they treated?
1,700 POWs faced brutal conditions and used for slave labor for 3 ½ years
how many Canadian POWs died?
more than 260 POWs died
what are 3 things the Canadian gov. did to Japanese Canadians who were suspected of being “enemy spies”
Internment Camps
Confiscation of property and businesses
Relocation
how many Japanese Canadians were living in BC, deported, and how many were Canadian citizens?
22,000 Japanese Canadians in BC, 3,964 →2,000 were Canadian Citizens
when and how did the gov apologies to Japanese Canadiens?
In 1988
formal apology and compensation to survivors ($21,000)
Battle of the Atlantic
allied supply ships attacked by “wolf packs” of German U-boats patrolling the Atlantic
Germany attempted to starve Britain by cutting off vital shipping routes
First 3 years of the Battle of the Atlantic, it seemed like the allies would lose
some German submarines attacked up at the St. Lawrence River
what changed the Battle of the atlantic (so the allies started to win)?
the battle started to turn around after the British cracked the German naval code, allowing the Allies to track German submarines more easily
Allies were building more ships than were being destroyed
when was the battle of the atlantic won?
By May 1943, the Allies believed they won the Battle of the Atlantic
During the Battle of the Atlantic, Britain was dependent on?
Canada (and the United States) for food and military supplies
At the start of WW2, How many ships and sailors did the Royal Canadian Navy have?
13 ships and 1,819 sailors
By the end of WW2, How many ships and sailors did the Royal Canadian Navy have?
400 ships and had more than 100,000 sailors
what are corvettes?
small agile Canadian built warships to escort convoys
what Canadian army was chosen for the Dieppe Raid?
2nd Canadian Infantry Division
when was the Dieppe raid?
On August 19, 1942
3 disasters of the Dieppe Raid
Tactical failures
landed in broad daylight
troops landed on a narrow, rocky beach, fully exposed to machine gun and artillery fire from elevated German positions
Tanks became stuck on the beach due to obstacles
Inadequate Naval and Air Support
failed at covering ground troops
Lack of Communications
radio equipment was damaged during landings, or signals were blocked by the geography
no clear signal to retreat
How many Canadians died, wounded, and POWs?
907 Canadians died, 600 wounded, 1,946 taken as POWs
when was the battle of Sicily?
On July 10, 1943, Canadians fought Italian and German soldiers
how many soldiers lost in the battle of Sicily?
lost 536 soldiers
when was the Sicily captured and what happened to Mussolini?
allies captured the Island after 38 days
Victory caused Mussolini’s downfall and Italy to surrender
How did canada capture Ortona? (combat style)
house to house fighting
when was ortona captured?
On December 28, 1943
how many soldiers lost in the battle of Ortona?
1,372 soldiers
Battle of Sicily and Ortona are apart of…
the Italian Campaign
how many canadians died in italy
6,000 Canadians
when was “Operation Overlord” launched?
On June 6, 1944 full scale invasion following the allies success in italy
code names for the 5 beaches along normandy?
Sword, Juno, Gold Omaha, and Utah
what beach did Canada arrive on?
14,000 Canadian arrived (late) on Juno beach
battle of the Scheldt
In October, the Canadians were given the task to clear enemy troops from the Scheldt River in Belgium, around the port city of Antwerp, and into the Netherlands
how long was the battle of Scheldt? (describe how it was like)
exhausting 11 month battle
flat, muddy, and waterlogged terrain
movement was very hard
Canadians achieved their goal allowing the allies to bring in supplies for their final advance into Germany
when did the battle of rhineland begin?
On February 8, 1945
how many canadians participated in the battle of rhineland?
175,000 Canadians
how many allied soldiers and Canadians died?
23,000 allied soldiers died, 5,300 Canadians
How many soldier did the Germans lose and how many were taken prisoner?
lost 90,000 men, including 52,000 taken as POWs
conditions in the Netherlands (2)
German troops destroyed the port cities of Amsterdam and Rotterdam and flooded much of the countryside
By the end of 1944, the Dutch had been cut off from food and many were starving to death
when was a truce made that allowed allies to send supplies to the Dutch people?
April 28, 1945