Phonetics

Linguistics

the scientific study of language

B. The scientific and systematic study of language, including its structure, use, and development

Which of the following best defines linguistics?

A. The study of how language is used in literary texts to create meaning and artistic effect
B. The scientific and systematic study of language, including its structure, use, and development
C. The study of how communication varies across cultures and how social factors influence language behavior
D. The analysis of speech sounds and their production mainly for clinical and therapeutic purposes

Phonetics

the science of human speech sounds

B. The scientific study of the physical properties of speech sounds, including how they are produced, transmitted, and perceived

Which of the following best defines phonetics?

A. The study of the rules governing how sounds combine to form meaningful units in a language
B. The scientific study of the physical properties of speech sounds, including how they are produced, transmitted, and perceived
C. The analysis of how speakers choose language forms based on social factors such as class, gender, and context
D. The study of the smallest meaningful units of language and how they change form to express grammatical relationships

Phoneme

this is the smallest unit of sound in a language that can change the meaning of a word.

Minimal Pair Technique

words that are almost identical except for one sound in the same position?

IVF - Initial, Vowel, Final

3 types of minimal pair technique?

Articulatory

Acoustic

Auditory

what are the 3 branches of Phonetics?

B. tap – map
(tap – map differ only in the initial consonant /t/ vs. /m/*)

Which of the following word pairs represents an initial minimal contrast?

A. cat – cut
B. tap – map
C. bin – ban
D. pick – pack

Articulatory phonetics

This is how sounds produced using body part/s

Acoustic phonetics

This is how sounds travel

Auditory phonetics

This is how it perceives on the receiving end

Monophthong

This is a single vowel sound

Diphthong

This is a complex two-vowel sound

Thriphthong

This is a three-vowel sound that glides together

C. /æ/ as in cat

Which of the following is a true monophthong?

A. /aɪ/ as in light
B. /eɪ/ as in day
C. /æ/ as in cat
D. /oʊ/ as in go

A. cup

In which word does the vowel represent a short monophthong /ʌ/?

A. cup
B. coat
C. cake
D. cute

A. light – lit
(/aɪ/ in light vs /ɪ/ in lit)

Which of the following word pairs contrasts a diphthong with a monophthong?

A. light – lit
B. bat – bet
C. sit – seat
D. hot – hat

A. fire

Which of the following is a correct example of a triphthong?

A. fire
B. sheep
C. day
D. cup

A. The student is omitting a triphthong.
Rationale: /fahyer/ is a triphthong; omitting part of it changes the pronunciation.

Situation:
During a listening activity, a student pronounces fire as /far/ instead of /fahyer/.

Question:
What is the teacher’s main concern regarding the pronunciation?

A. The student is omitting a triphthong.
B. The student is replacing a monophthong with a consonant.
C. The student is misplacing stress.
D. The student is mispronouncing a diphthong

A. pat

Which of the following sounds is produced with a bilabial manner of articulation?

A. pat

B. lair

C. champ

D. sour

D. All of the above

Identify the bilabial sound in this sentence:

"My baby put the pen on the mat."

A. /b/ in baby
B. /p/ in pen
C. /m/ in mat
D. All of the above

A. /b/

A teacher asks students to produce a sound by bringing both lips together. Which sound should they practice?

A. /b/
B. /t/
C. /k/
D. /s/

A. flower

Which of the following sounds is a labiodental?

A. flower
B. saturn
C. truck
D. chatter

A. Victor and very

Identify the labiodental sound in this sentence:

"Victor found a very fine vase."

A. Victor and very
B. found and fine
C. vase
D. All of the above

A. that

Which of the following words contains a voiced interdental sound?

A. that
B. thin
C. thought
D. thank

A. They thought that this theory was correct.

Which sentence contains more than one interdental sound?

A. They thought that this theory was correct.
B. Fiona finds very fine food.
C. Tom runs fast to the park.
D. Peter goes to the zoo.

A. latex

Which of the following sounds is an alveolar?

A. latex
B. sabrina
C. those
D. faraway

A. stand

Which word contains only alveolar consonants?

A. stand
B. cat
C. fun
D. dog

A. /t/ and /d/

A teacher wants students to practice alveolar plosives. Which sounds should they focus on?

A. /t/ and /d/
B. /p/ and /b/
C. /k/ and /g/
D. /f/ and /v/

C. shower

Which of the following sounds is a palatal?

A. vase
B. philip
C. shower
D. forever

B. Palatal affricates

Situation:
A teacher notices students pronounce chair as shair (/ʃɛr/) and judge as zhudge (/ʒʌdʒ/) inconsistently.

Question:
What type of sound should the teacher emphasize to correct their pronunciation?

A. Palatal fricatives
B. Palatal affricates
C. Velar plosives
D. Labiodental fricatives

A. beyond

Which word contains a palatal glide?

A. beyond
B. chair
C. she
D. dog

A. go
/g/ in go is a voiced velar plosive, while /k/ in cat is voiceless.

Which word contains a voiced velar plosive?

A. go
B. cat
C. sing
D. cup

A. King George sang a long song.

Which sentence contains more than one velar sound?

A. King George sang a long song.
B. Peter runs fast to the park.
C. Fiona finds very fine food.
D. Nancy sits near the table.

C. ring

Which word contains a velar nasal?

A. frog
B. gore
C. ring
D. shit

A. happy
Rationale: /h/ in happy is a voiceless glottal fricative, produced at the glottis.

Which word contains a voiceless glottal fricative?

A. happy
B. cat
C. sun
D. dog

Phonology

this is the study of the sound system of language: the rules that govern pronunciation

syllable

a phonological unit consisting of ONE sound

Onset

consonants or consonants blends BEFORE the RIME

RIME/Rhyme

Consists of a nucleus and the consonant following it

Nucleus

this is usually a vowel (sometimes consonant sonorant)

Coda

This is any consonant FOLLOWING the RIME

A. /spr/

Identify the onset in the word spring.

A. /spr/
B. /ing/
C. /sp/
D. /ring/

C. /lk/

Identify the coda in the word milk.

A. /m/
B. /i/
C. /lk/
D. /mi/

Blend

two or more consonants; when combined TWO SOUNDS ARE HEARD

Digraph

Two or more consonants; when combines ONE SOUND IS HEARD

Sibilant

An example of a fricative sound; a hissing sound

Assimilation

input—-imput is an example of what morphonemic process?

Deletion

handbag——hanbag is an example of what morphonemic process?

Metathesis

ask——aks is an example of what morphonemic process?

Nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs

NAVA is ?

category extension

what word formation process is this?

chair (n) ——— chair (v)

derivation

what word formation process is this?

beauty (n) ——- beautiful (adj)

back formation

what word formation process is this?

teacher (n) —— teach (v)

clipped form/clipping/shortening

what word formation process is this?

brassiere (n) —- bra (n)

compounding

what word formation process is this?

break+fast = breakfast

blending

what word formation process is this?

smoke + fog = smog

root creation

what word formation process is this?

xerox; kodak

proper name

what word formation process is this?

hamburger from hamburg

folk etymology

cucuracha (spanish) —- cockroach

acronym

what word formation process is this?

FEMA (federal emergency management agency)

abbreviation

what word formation process is this?

television—-tv

graphophonolgy

concerns with the letters in the spellings of words to sounds or phonemes detected in their pronunciation