health behavior theories: 46003 uark exam 1

What is a theory?

"Set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts of phenomena, especially on that has been repeatedly tested or widely accepted"

Health Behavior

All of those things we do that influence our physical, mental, emotional, psychological, and spiritual self.

Protective health behavior

Working out 4 times a week for 45 minutes is a:

True

Theory helps us explain how constructs are related and what we must do to change a behavior.

True

Self-efficacy is the "one construct that rules them all" and is, therefore, incorporated into HBM

Barrier (because they are hanging around those people)

All my friends are smokers

Determinant (factor)

Shristi aims to drink at least 40 oz of water daily. The water fountain near her office is a ______ for her behavior change. (target population, health behavior, determinant)

Barrier

Shristi aims to drink at least 40 oz of water daily. She needs to walk 5 blocks to refill her water bottle.

Cue to Action

Shristi aims to drink at least 40 oz of water daily. Her best friend texts her at least thrice daily to remind her about her goals

Health Behavior: Walking 8k steps

Health Issue: Metabolic Obesity

Shristi aims to walk at least 8k steps daily. She is afraid that if she does not walk enough, she might have a higher chance of metabolic health disorders, such as obesity. Health behavior? Health issue?

If I think I can, I can do it

The concept behind the Self-efficacy theory is____

True

As per HBM, Perceived threat and Decisional balance are proximal to the behavior when compared to Perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers

Hotchbaum and Rosenstock (HBM)

Albert Bandura (Self-efficacy)

Who are the social scientists who developed the HBM and the self-efficacy model?

-Organizing a demonstration class to teach condom use

-Eliminating all the soda vending machines from the campus area

-Giving out transportation vouchers to patients who come for routine check-ups

Which of the following are intervention strategies?

Eating 5 servings of fruit a day.

Which option below provides the best example of a specific health behavior.

Human behavior is a modifiable risk factor for disease and disability

Why are we so interested in human behavior?

A health risk behavior

For our purposes, "smoking" would be 'best' classified as?

True

In relation to any specific behavior, we would typically view socioeconomic status as being an upstream factor in relation to the behaving individual's attitude toward the behavior.

False

Thinking about a causal chain, factors existing toward the end of the chain, are considered distal or upstream factors.

-Can serve as a visual aid

-Models may or may not explain the phenomena being modeled

-Are technically differentiated from theories in that a theoretical model often incorporates constructs from more than one theory

-Can define the relationship between constructs/variables

Which of the following describe a Model

True

Health Behaviors can be categorized into two broad categories, those that are protective behaviors and those that are risk behaviors.

True

Theory principles describe how theory constructs relate to one another.

Last week Amanda successfully (i.e. no falls) rode her bicycle on the mountain bike trails for the first time and had a great time.

According to the Self-Efficacy theory logic, which of the following scenarios should exert the greatest influence on self-efficacy to perform the respective behavior?

True

The effect of verbal persuasion on individual self-efficacy is altered based on who the individual providing the persuasion is.

True

Based on the principles of Self-efficacy theory, previous babysitting experience would likely be an experience that should influences an individual's Self-efficacy in their ability to care for their own child.

Motivation experience

Which of the following is not a construct of Self-Efficacy Theory?

True

There is a reciprocal relationship between self-efficacy and behavior.

An individual feels overwhelming anxiety prior to standing up to give their presentation in a college class.

Which of the following would be an example of how the construct "somatic (physiological) and emotional (affective) states" might influence self-efficacy to perform a given behavior?

False

Albert Bandura was a professor of psychology at the prestigious Harvard University.

False

According to the principles of Self-Efficacy Theory, an individual should have the same degree of self-efficacy to eat a low saturated fat meal no matter if they are at home or at McDonalds.

False

Cognition-related factors (e.g. attitudes and beliefs) are typically the most distal determinants of behavior.

False

The Bobo doll experiments famously illustrated the Self-efficacy construct of "social persuasion".

Self-efficacy

Breaking down behaviors into small steps, using demonstration from models, using social persuasion and reassurance, and working to reduce stress and anxiety sounds like methods to increase this HBM construct?

Perceived barriers

The monetary cost associated with a vaccine would associate with which of the following theory constructs?

Cues to action

This construct represents almost anything, which could prompt an individual to take some health related action?

tuberculosis

The development of the health belief model is associated with what health issue?

False

The HBM is a theory/model that focuses on "interpersonal factors" that lead to behavior?

Percieved seriousness (severity)

An osteoporosis program shows participants pictures of women who experienced "severe hunching" as a result of osteoporosis. This tactic/strategy addressed which HBM construct?

True

A program planner develops a powerpoint to increase awareness regarding who is at risk for breast cancer. This intervention is aimed at changing the HBM construct "perceived susceptibility?

-Perceived Seriousness

-Perceived Susceptibility

Which constructs combine to produce the construct of perceived threat?

Determinant

Factors of a behavior

ex: gender

Downstream

Proximal

Upstream

Distal

Perceived threat

_____ is more proximal to the behavior than susceptibility

Proximal

Self-efficacy is more_____

risk

Susceptibility is ____

severity

Seriousness is _____

Mastery

Doing something over and over, and that increases the self-efficacy (increased repetition)

Vicarious

Learning from modeling, assume that you can do that behavior

Social Persuasion

Influence altered by those around you

Perceived Seriousness

Perception or belief as to the severity of the outcome, usually based on knowledge, culture, past experiences, societal norms, and other factors

Perceived Susceptibility

Perception of personal risk for experiencing an outcome or developing/contracting a disease

Perceived Benefit

Personal opinion or perception of value or usefulness of a behavior or behavior change in decreasing risk of developing disease

Perceived Barriers

Personal opinion of obstacles in the way of adopting new behavior/changing current one

Decisional Barrier

Benefits of change have to out-weigh barriers in order for change to occur

Cues to Actions

Events, people, or things that move people to change their behavior, can effect perceptions

HBM concept

-Personal beliefs/perceptions influence an individual's health behavior

Physiological (somatic)/Affective (emotional) states

-Somatic or emotional state that occurs when someone thinks about doing something increases OR decreases self-efficacy

-Can occur during an action

-feelings of pain or fatigue; positive or negative emotions

Types of theories

-Intrapersonal

-Interpersonal

Community-level

Behavior

Eat breakfast

Determinant

Intend to get an annual checkup

Health issue

Rate of STI infection in a community

Determinant

Knowledge of where to get help

Health issue

Major depressive disorder

Determinant

Skill at putting on a condom

Behavior

Wear a seat belt

Priority

Current smokers

Determinant

Policy restricting soft drinks in school vending machine

Priority

People with diabetes

S.M.A.R.T Model

Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented/Attainable, Realistic/Relevant, Time-based