6.4 - Ap world

What three factors drove economic imperialism

1.  Desire for raw materials

• Europe looked to Asia and Africa

• America looked to south america for fertilizer

2.  New Markets

• The original inhabitants provided more consumers 

3.  Labor

• Built railroads and telegraph lines

Describe the shortcomings of Roads and waterways

 Roads: Few roads that were poorly maintained and unusable in harsh conditions

       Waterways: limited to coastal areas and river basins

Name the two benefits of introducing railroads to colonies

1. Lowered the cost of transporting raw materials

2.  Helped open up colonial markets for manufactured goods

What did Europeans believe about railroads?

That they proved that imperialism helped the people of Africa and Asia.

Cecil Rhods railroad was supposed to stretch from where to where? 

Cape Town to Cairo

Why did Rhodes want to connect all British-held colonies in Africa?

• It would make governance easier and aid in mobilization for war

Railroad technology was a means of doing what in Africa? 

• A means of extracting as much as possible from the land for little to no cost

Describe the change that took place in steamship technology in the 1870’s and the effect it had on the use of steamboats

• More efficient steam engines allowed the steamships to travel longer distances

• Compression refrigeration equipment allowed the shipment of perishables

What service allowed for the instantaneous transmission of information?

• Telegraph

What happened in the following dates: 1850, 1866, 1872, 1874: 

• 1850: Telegraph was introduced in India

• 1866: firsts permanent transatlantic cable was laid between the US and England

• 1872: Telegraph service between England and Australia was introduced

• 1974: Communication between portugal and brazil

subsistence farming

• People raising/rowing enough food for them to live on (with a bit left to sell if possible)

What cash crops were farmed in Africa?

• Tea, cotton, sugar, oil palms, rubber, and coffee

What was the effect of the growth of the cash crop industry on food prices?

• Food prices rose

Why were millions of tons of guano (and what is guano) mined in Peru in the 19th century?

• Guano (bat and seabird excrement)

• It’s excellent fertilizer

Export Economies

• Economies reliant on exporting goods

Why did GB ban Indian Cotton in 1721?

Because they competed with the native wool industry

Where did GB get most of its cotton from during this time?

America

How did the American Civil War impact the cotton industry? 

• The north blockaded confederate ports which cut off the cotton supply

• This caused farmers to switch from food production to cotton production

Which countries benefited from this change in the Cotton industry, and how did they benefit?

• Egypt and India benefited but egypt benefited the most as they were now relied on for cotton

Vulcanization

 It eliminated the changes of rubber based on temp

Rubber and latex are native to which two places?

Amazon rainforest and central Africa

Why did demand for rubber increase?

it became an important industrial material

What is a “rubber baron” and how did they treat their workers? 

• Overseers of the exploitation of natives for rubber

• Often mutilated or killed workers who failed to meet their quotas

What did GB do to ensure they had enough rubber sources?

Got rubber tree seeds from Brazil

Palm oil was used to make what two things?

candle making and as a food product

What shows the significance of palm oil in Africa? 

Many African cultures used it in place of money

Who farmed palm oil? 

Prisoners of tribal war

Ivory was obtained from where and for what purpose? 

• The tusks of elephants

• It was beautiful and durable

• Made things like piano keys, billiard ball, knife handles, and ornamental carvings

Why did the Ivory coast get its name? 

• The french originally set up trading posts for ivory and slaves

Minerals

• Mexico produced silver

• Chile produced copper

• North Rhodesia and the Congo produced copper

• Bolivia, Nigeria, Malaya, and Dutch East Indies produced tin which was used to help meet demand for food in tin cups. 

• Australia, S. Africa, parts of W. Africa and Alaska produced large deposits of gold

Describe the role of Cecil Rhodes and the De Beer Mining Company on Africa

• Diamond rush: Cecil Rhodes and his brother joined the diamond rush and after he complete a degree at oxford, Rhodes acquired some of the  De Beers Mining claims and founded the De Beers Mining Company

  • De Beers accounted for around 90% of the world's diamond production as well as having stakes i the largest gold fields

  • Rhodes sought to expand into the north wanting to build a railroad from Cape Town to Cairo

  • He became the prime minister of Cape Colony in 1890 where he paved the way for apartheid (racial segregation) with his racist policies

What technology helped the demand for food imports be met?

refrigeration

What developed as nations grew wealthier? What were its effects?

• stock exchanges

• more people could invest their capital

• the need to protect global markets grew

What change in farming led to monocultures?

Farmers were only allowed to cultivate cash crops

Monoculture

• A lack of agricultural diversity

What negative effects did cash crop farming have on former colonies?

• The clearing of forests took a toll on biodiversity and climate

• Cash crops depleted the natural fertility of the soil

• Crop diseases and pests spread with only one crop