OIAN Superficial and Intermediate Back

Scapular Elevation

Bring the scapula up (shrugging the shoulders)

scapular depression

being the scapula downward (depressing the shoulder)

Scapular Retraction

ADducting the scapula (bring shoulder blades together)

Scapular Protraction

ABducting the scapula (bring it away from midline)

upward rotation of scapula

generally happends when elevating the shoulder - acromion travels upward

downward rotation of scapula

occurs when you're bringing down shoulder - or when you're bringing your shoulder from a flexed or abducted position - acromion travels downward

superficial back muscles

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major/minor, levator scapulae - primary role is to move scapula and maintain posture

Trapezius

O: external occipital protuberance, ligamentium nuchae, spinous processes C7-T12

I: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula

A: - Upper: elevate scapula - Middle: retract scapula - Lower: depresses scapula

N: Cranial nerve 11: spinal accessory nerve

Latissimus Dorsi

O: spinous processes of T7 to L5, sacrum, iliac crest, ribs 10-12, inferior angle of scapula

I: inner tubercular groove of the humerus

A: extend, ADduct and internally rotate the shoulder/arm

N: thoracodorsal nerve: minor branch off brachial plexus

Rhomboid Major

O: spinous processes of T2 to T5

I: media border of the scapula, from the inferior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula

A: retract the scapula

N: dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Minor

O: lower portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 and T1

I: medial border of scapula at root of spine of scapula

A: elevate and retract the scapula

N: dorsal scapular nerve

Levator Scapulae

O: transverse processes of C1 to C4

I: superior angle of scapula

A: - Fixed origin: elevate and downwardly rotate the scapula - fixed insertion: laterally flex neck and rotate ipsilaterally - Acting bilaterally: extend the neck

N: dorsal scapular nerve

intermediate back muscles

serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior - very thin and assist w/ respiration

serratus posterior superior

O: inferior portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 to T3 and supraspinous ligaments

I: superior border of ribs 2-5, lateral to angles of ribs

A: elevate ribs 2-5

N: anterior rami of the upper thoracic nerve (T2-T5)

serratus posterior inferior

O: spinous processes of T11-L3 and associated supraspinous ligaments

I: inferior border of ribs 9 to 12, lateral to angles of ribs

A: depress ribs 9-12; prevent lower ribs being elevated when diaphragm contracts

N: anterior rami lower thoracic nerves (T9-T12)