Population and Migration

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to population and migration, helping students understand essential vocabulary and ideas for their exam.

Age Distribution

The composition of a population by age groups, often depicted in a population pyramid.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individuals that an environment can sustainably support.

Demographic Transition Model

A model that describes the transition of a country's population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

Dependency Ratio

The ratio of dependents (those younger than 15 or older than 64) to the working-age population (ages 15-64).

Emigration

The act of leaving one’s country to live in another.

Immigration

The act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

Mortality

The incidence of death within a population.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths during a specific period.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman would have over her childbearing years.

Population Policies

Strategies implemented by governments to manage population size and growth.

Push Factors

Conditions that drive people to leave their homes.

Pull Factors

Conditions that attract people to move to a new area.

Aging Population

A demographic trend where the proportion of older individuals in a population increases.

Urbanization

The process of people moving from rural areas to cities.

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

A set of principles that describe migration patterns and trends.

Malthusian Theory

The theory that population growth will outpace food supply, leading to societal collapse.

Epidemiological Transition

The shift in the pattern of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases to chronic diseases.

Forced Migration

Movement of people due to coercive circumstances such as conflict, disaster, or oppression.

Voluntary Migration

Movement of people based on choice, often for economic improvement.