BCHM222- Glycolysis

first irreversible step of glycolysis

step 1- hexokinase converts glucose into glucose-6-phosphate

fates of glucose-6-phosphate

1. glycolysis

2. glycogenesis (synthesis of glycogen)

3. pentose phosphate pathway (synthesis of nucleic acids)

4. back to glucose

Phase 1 of glycolysis

preparatory/investment phase- 2 ATP cost to split 6-carbon ring into two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Phase 2 of glycolysis

payoff/return phase- 4 ATP returned to produce 2 pyruvate molecules

Net ATP gain from glycolysis

2 ATP molecules

second irreversible step of glycolysis

step 3- phosphofructokinase-1 catalyses transfer of phosphate from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate, produces fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

third irreversible step of glycolysis

step 10- pyruvate kinase transfers phosphate from PEP to ADP to make ATP, produces pyruvate

why is glucose such an effective fuel?

water soluble, yield energy, multiple storage options

How does glucose bypass the lipid bilayer?

GLUTs

Is glycolysis anabolic or catabolic?

catabolic- nets ATP and goes from higher energy to lower energy molecules

What about ATPs structure makes it a good phosphate donor?

highly negatively charged, adjacent phosphate groups

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

the cytosol

Where in the body does glycolysis mainly occur?

muscle and brain

What is the net NADH of glycolysis?

2 NADH produced