Genetics w/ vocab

Gregor mendel’s place of study

Occurred at the monastery in Austria

Gregor Medels nickname

Father of genetics

Theory that Gregor Mendel disproved

Theory that offspring have a blend or mix of characteristics of their parents. He disproves this using pea plants

Law of segregation

Two factors that control a single characteristic. One of these factors dominates the other and these factors separate when a parent reproduces

Law of Independent Assortment

Factors controlling different characteristics are inherited independently

Codominance

Occurs when both alleles are expressed in the phenotype

Incomplete dominance

Occurs when the phenotype of a heterozygous offspring is somewhere between the phenotypes of both homozygous parents

Multiple alleles

Occurs when there are more than two alleles (Example-ABD blood type)

Germline mutation

Occur in gametes; usually are significant

Somatic mutation

Occurs in other body cells; cannot be passed to offspring

Why Mendel did the first and second set of research and what he looked at

1st-One trait in the pattern of inheritance. 2nd- Comparing two traits and seeing if they are passed down together or separate.

Deletion

DNA is lost

Duplication

DNA is repeated

Inversion

Flipped and reattached to the same chromosome

Polygenic traits

Controlled by more than one gene, with each gene potentially two or more alleles

Insertion

Segment of DNA is added

Translocation

Two segments switch positions

Allele

Different forms of a gene in a specific place on a chromosome

Dominant allele

Expressed allele when two different are present

Recessive allele

Not expressed when two different alleles are present; both alleles have to be recessive to show

Homozygous

Two of the same alleles

Heterozygous

Two different alleles

Genotype

Genetic information that codes for traits

Phenotype

Genetic information that codes PHYSICAL characteristics