2.1-2.2 notes part 1

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the USA Civil War and Reconstruction period, providing definitions and explanations for important topics discussed in the lecture.

Scorched earth

A military policy of destroying, often by fire, all resources that could be used by an opposing force, including food and shelter, to undermine their ability to fight.

Anaconda Plan

A strategic military plan devised to suffocate the Confederacy by surrounding it and blocking supply routes.

Total war

A strategy of war that seeks the complete destruction of the enemy's resources and will to fight.

Battle of Gettysburg

The bloodiest battle of the Civil War, fought in 1863, marking a turning point in favor of the Union.

Income tax

Tax taken as a percentage of the income of workers, introduced during the Civil War as a means of funding the war effort.

Civilian population impact

The devastating effects of war measures, such as scorched earth, on the non-combatant population.

Confederate States of America (CSA)

The political entity formed by the southern states that seceded from the Union, leading to the Civil War.

Leadership contrast: Lincoln vs. Davis

Lincoln was effective in policy-making and managing criticism, while Davis struggled with leadership during the Civil War.

William Tecumseh Sherman

Union general known for his 'March to the Sea' and implementation of total war tactics against the Confederate infrastructure.

Union population advantage

The North had a significant population advantage over the South, allowing for more manpower during the war.

Chattanooga Campaign

A series of battles in late 1863 that resulted in a crucial victory for the Union, securing control over Tennessee.

Petersburg Siege

A prolonged military confrontation during the final phases of the Civil War, characterized by trench warfare.

Logistical benefits of Northern resources

The North's ability to produce and transport supplies efficiently, greatly aiding their military campaigns.

Confederate economic challenges

Shortages of supplies and inflation faced by the South, which undermined their war effort.

Robert E. Lee

The leading Confederate general whose strategies included direct military engagement to achieve victory for the South.