physiology exam 3 cram time

what does smooth muscles NOT have

troponin and trypomyosin

but it does have a little t tubles

where does calcium in smooth muscle come from

the ecf

where does calcium bind in smooth muscles

calmodulin

what does calmodulin activate

myosin light chain kinase

how does myosin form a cross bridge in smooth muscles

phosphylation of atp into adp because of MLCK that causes a cross bridge

what messenger is responsible for causing the release of Ca from the SR

IP3

what are some example of single unit smooth muscles

uterus and gi tract

single unti smooth muscle fxn

become excited and contract as a single unit

multi unit smoot muscle fxn

discrete fxnal units

what type of activation is multi unit and smooth unit muscles and HOW MANY GAP JUNCTIONS

multi- neurogenic no gap junctions

single- myogenic lots of gap junctions

what type of muscle is self excitable

single unit smooth

aka pacemaker potential

what is pacemaker potential

* unstable RMP that depols on its own
* Can generate threshold and action potential
* Cardiac muscle

what is slow-wave potential

* spontaneous fluctuation at membrane potentiaals
* build up of excitatory responses until it reaches threshold

examples slow-wave potential

uterus contraction

peristalsis in GI tract

where are preganglionic fibers in the ANS

CB and dendrites within the CNS

where are postganglionic fibers found in the ANS

all in PNS

Autonomic ganglion

preganglionic fiber synpases with the post ganglionic fiber

where does the sympathetic nervous system start and leave in the CNS

start in spinal cord and leaves via lateral horn

2 receptors in the Sympatheic ANS

pregang to postgang- nicotinic

post gang to effector- adrenergic

the tract ANS

CNS → preganglionic → Autonomic ganglion → post ganglionic → effector

in the sympathetic nervous system, what pre exocytoses Ach

autonomic ganglion

PIP

756 mm Hg

Transpulmonr pressusre

Palv- Pip

4 mmHg

inspiration pressure change alv

760→759

eupnea receptors

ACH nicotinic

what happens to Pip and transpulmonary pressure in eupnea inspiration

decreases

increases

what kind of process is eupnea

inspiratition

expiration

active

passive

dorsal respirtory group

medulla

maintain constant breathing rate

contract ext intercostals

ventral repsirtory group

medulla

maintains forced breathing

neck mm and abdominal mm

apneustic center

pontine

stims DRG

controls rate and depth of breathing

Pneumotaxic center

pontine

inhibits DRG

allow for relaxation and expiration

Peripheral Chemoreceptors

* located in carotid bodies
* Responds to increase in CO2 , H+ and decrease in O2
* send message to repiratory control center

Central chemocenters

located in medulla

respond to increase in CO2 , H+

tells you to breath out more