Official Forestry Terms in Philippines (11-20)

COMMUNITY BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT STRATEGY (CBFMS)

The strategy to improve the well-being of forest-dependent communities, and at the same time ensure sustainable management, rehabilitation and protection of forest lands and the resources therein, through the active participation of various stakeholders.

COMMUNITY RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

A strategic plan of the community on how to manage and benefit from the forest resources on sustainable basis.

COMMUNITY RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

It describes the community's long commitments and strategies for the protection, rehabilitation, development and utilization of forest resources.

COMPRESSION WOOD

Abnormal wood formed on the lower side of branches and inclined trunks of softwood trees.

CONDITIONING

In wood seasoning, the exposure of wood to stipulated conditions to attain the desired moisture content and level of stress.

CONIFEROUS FOREST

Forest with predominance (more than 75 percent of tree crown cover) of trees of coniferous species.

CONIFEROUS WOOD

All woods derived from trees classified botanically as Gymnospermae.

CONSERVATION

Protection of plant and animal habitat including the management of renewable natural resource with the objective of sustaining its productivity in perpetuity while providing for human use compatible with sustainability of the resources.

CONSUMPTIVE USE OF WATER

The quantity of water transpired and evaporated from cropped area or the normal loss of water from the soil by evaporation and plant transpiration.

CONTINGENT VALUATION

Method of valuation used in environmental resources accounting involving the construction of hypothetical markets, as reflected in its willingness to pay for potential environmental benefits or for the avoidance of their loss.

CONTRACT

An agreement between the Philippine Government represented by the DENR, and an entity or individual, whereby the latter agrees to implement an activity or a series of activities required to forest a denuded portion of the public domain and the former DENR.

COOPERAGE

Containers consisting of two round heads and a body composed of staves held together with hoops, such as barrels and kegs.

CO-PRODUCTION AGREEMENT

An agreement entered into by and between a qualified person's and the government for the former to develop, utilized and manage consistent with the principle of sustainable development, specified portion of the forestland.

CORRUGATED BOARD

The fluted paperboard after it has gone through the corrugating operation and before it is pasted to the flat facing board sheets.

CRITICAL HABITAT

Area outside protected areas order RA 7586 than is known habitats of threatened species and designated as such based on scientific data taking into consideration species and endimicity and richness, presence of manmade pressures and threats.

CRITICAL WATERSHED

A drainage area of a river system supporting existing and proposed hydroelectric power, irrigation works or existing water facilities needing immediate protection and rehabilitation to minimize erosion and improve water yield.

CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES

Species or subspecies that is facing extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future.

CROOK

The distortion of lumber in which there is a deviation, in a direction perpendicular to the edge, from end-to-end of the piece.

CROSS-ARM

A piece of timber of rectangular or square section prepared for attachment to a pole, and generally used for the purpose of carrying wires for telecommunication or electrical service.

CROSSBANDS

Layers of wood placed with a grain at right angels to that of face plies in order to minimized shrinking and swelling , particularly in plywood of five or more plies.

CULL

Lumber and logs that do not meet the lowest quality standard.

CULTIVATED LAND

Land not classified as forest or other wooded land used by man for agriculture or pastures.

CULTURAL ZONE

A portion of the protected area, which has significant cultural, religious, spiritual or anthropological values where traditional rights exist and ceremonies and cultural practices take place.

CUP

A distortion of a board in which there is a deviation flat wise from a straight line across the width of the board.

CUTTING

A portion of a board or plank that is produced by ripping, crosscutting or both.

CUTTING CYCLE

The number of years between major harvests in the same working unit and region within a rotation.

DAILY RATED CAPACITY (DRC)

The maximum volume of output that a mill can produce in one shift of 8 hours based on the machinery/ equipment.

DAILY RATED CAPACITY (DRC)

Sometimes referred to as true rated capacity.

DAMAGED RESIDUAL

Synonymous to DAMAGED TREE.

DAMAGED TREE

Any tree injured beyond the tolerable limit.

DECAY

Deterioration caused by wood destroying fungi.

DEFECT

Any irregularity or imperfection in a tree, log piece, product, or lumber that reduces the volume of sound wood or lowers its durability, strength, or utility value.

DEFOLIATION

The loss, shredding or removal of leaves from a tree or other plant especially prematurely.

DEFORESTATION

The conversion of forest to another land use or the long-term reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10% threshold.

DEGRADATION

A decline in the productivity of an area of land or in its ability to support natural ecosystems or types of agriculture.

DELAMINATION

A visible separation between plies of veneer or wood assembly due to adhesive failure.

DERIVATIVE

A substance/material extracted or taken from wildlife such as but not limited to blood, saliva, oils, resins, genes, gums, honey, cocoon, fur, tannin, urine, serum, spores pollen and the like.

DERIVATIVE

A compound directly or indirectly produce from wildlife.

DETRITUS

Small pieces of dead and decomposing plants and animals detached and broken down organic fragments or structure, small organic particles such as leaves and twigs.

DIAMETER-AT-BREAST HEIGHT (DBH)

The diameter of the stem of a standing tree measured of 1.3 meters from the higher ground. It usually implies diameter outside bark (DOB) but can be measured as inside bark (DIB).

DIAMETER ABOVE BUTTRESS

The diameter of a standing tree measured at 0.3 meter from the highest buttress.

DIPTEROCARP FOREST

A forest dominated by at least 50% Dipterocarp species.

DOMESTIC WATER

A portion of runoff water intended for domestic and industrial uses.

DOMESTICATED PLANT SPECIES

Synonymous to PROPAGATED SPECIES.

DOMINANT TREES

Trees with crowns extending above the general level of the crown cover and receiving full light from above and from the sides: larger that the average trees in the stand with crowns well-developed.

DRAINAGE

Synonymous to WATERSHED.

DRAINAGE AREA

The horizontal projection of area from which a lake or stream receives surface water originating as precipitation.

DRAINAGE AREA

Also called drainage basin, river, basin, watershed, area or watersheds.

DRESSED LUMBER

Lumber that is surface by a palming machine on one side (SIS), two sides (S2S), one edge (S1E), two edges (S2E), or any combination of sides and edges (S1S1E, S2S1E, S1S2E, or S4S).

DRESSED LUMBER

It may also be referred to as planed or surfaced lumber.

DURABILITY

Permanence or resistance to deterioration or breakage. American Society for Testing Materials.

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

The gradual change on the species structure and composition of an ecological community over time.

ECONOMIC INSTRUMENT

An intervention designed to influence the behavior of those who highly regard the natural environment, utilize it or cause adverse impacts as a side effect of their activities, e.g. user's fee, forest charges, performance bonds, user's right, etc.

ECOSYSTEM

A community of living organisms interacting with each other and with their physical environment.

ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE

The capacity of natural system to recover from disturbance.

ECOSYSTEM STABILITY

The capacity of a natural system to apply self-regulating mechanisms so as to return steady state after an outside disturbance.

ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE

The physical and temporal distribution of various living organisms in an ecosystem.

ECOSYSTEM SUSTAINABILITY

The capacity of an ecosystem to maintain its composition, function, and structure over time, thus maintaining the productivity of the land and diversity of plants and animals.

ECOTONE

The transition zone between two adjoining communities.

ECOTOURISM

Form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural heritage area where community participation, protection and management of natural resources, culture and indigenous knowledge and practices, environmental education and ethics as well as economics.

ECOZONE OR SPECIAL ZONE

Selected area with highly developed, or which have the potential to be developed into, agroindustrial, tourist recreational, commercial, banking investment and financial centers whose meters and bounds are fixed or determined by Presidential proclamation.

ELONGATION RATIO

The ratio between the diameter of a circle with the same area as the watershed and the maximum length of watershed (which is the distance from the outlet to the farthest point in the watershed.) As ratio approaches the value of 1, the shape becomes elongated.

EMISSION

Any air contaminant pollutant, gas stream or unwanted sound from a known source that is passed into the atmosphere.

ENCROACHMENT

The act or action of using forest land contrary to the provisions provided for in forestry laws and regulations with regard to forest land uses.

ENDANGERED SPECIES

Species or subspecies that is not critically endangered but whose survival in the wild is unlikely if the casual factors continue operating.

ENDANGERED SPECIES

Species with small populations that could be threatened if the environment worsens.

ENDEMIC SPECIES

Species or subspecies that are naturally occurring and found only within specific area in the country.

ENRICHMENT PLANTING

The introduction of valuable species in forest areas, where economical species are lacking.

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS)

A document prepared and submitted by the project proponent and/or environmental impact assessment consultant that serves as an application for an environmental compliance certificate. I

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS)

It is a comprehensive study of the significant impacts of a project on the environmental management plan. program that the proponent will fund and implement to protect the environment.

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE (ECC)

A document issued by the DENR/EMB after positive review of an ECC application, certifying that based on the representations of the proponent, the proposed project or undertaking will not cause significant negative environmental impact.

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE (ECC)

It also certifies that the proponent has complied with all the requirements of the EIS System and has committed to implement its approved environmental management plan.

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE (ECC)

It contains specific measures and conditions that the project proponent has to undertake before and during the project's abandonment phase to mitigate identified environmental impacts.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

The process that involves evaluating and predicting likely impacts of project (including cumulative impacts) on the environment during construction, commissioning, operation and abandonment.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

It also includes designing appropriate preventive, mitigating and enhancement measures addressing these consequences to protect the environment and the community's welfare.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

The process is undertaken by among others, the project proponent and/ or EIA consultant EMB, a review committee, affected communities stakeholder.

ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AREA

Area delineated as environmentally sensitive such that significant environmental impact are expected if certain type of proposed projects or programs are located, developed or implement in it.

ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL PROJECT

Project or program that has high potential for significant negative environmental impact.

EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT (EMC)

The moisture content at which wood neither gains nor less moisture to the surrounding air.

EQUITY

Equal opportunity to resource utilization and sharing of benefits derived there from.

EVENAGED FOREST

Stand of trees in which there are only small differences in age among individual trees.

EXCELSIOR

Synonymous to WOOD WOOL.

EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE

The area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea which shall not exceed beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline as defined under existing laws.

EXOTIC SPECIES

Synonymous to ALIEN SPECIES.

EXPERIMENTAL FOREST

EXTENDER

A low-cost additive such cassava flour to reduce cost and modify glue mix properties.

EXTERIOR PLYWOOD

Plywood designed to designed to withstand outdoor exposure usually bonded with phenol formaldehyde resin.

EXTERIOR PLYWOOD

Also known as marine plywood.

EXTRACTIVE

A compound occurring in wooden wood but not forming part of structural elements that can be removed with hot or cold water, ether, benzene, or other solvents that does not substantially degrade the wood substance.

EXUDATES

The general term for substances such as gums, latex, resins, or oleoresins derived from plants.

FALLOW

A woody vegetation resulting from the clearing of natural forest for shifting agriculture. It is an intermediate class between forest and non-forest land uses. Part of the area which is not under cultivation may have the appearance of a secondary forest

FAST GROWING SPECIES

A tree species that grows relatively faster than common forest trees and whose rotation age is 4 to 20 years with a mean annual increment of at 10 cubic meter per hectare under favorable site conditions.

FAUNA

All species of animals found in a given area.

FIBERBOARD

A generic term for sheet materials of widely varying densities manufactured of refined or partially refined wood or lignocellulosic fiber with the primary bond derived from the interfelting of fibers.

FIELD TESTING

Any international introduction into the environment of a regulated article for purposes of a research and development and for which no specific physical containment measures area used to limit the contact of the regulated article with, and to provide for a high level of safety for, the general population in the environment. Field testing may be conducted in single site of multiple site.

FIGURE

The pattern produced in wood surface by annual growth rings, rays, knots, deviations from regular grain such as interlocked and wavy grain, and irregular condition.