Unit 7.2 – The World Between the Wars 1919-1936

Flashcards covering the main points of Unit 7.2 – The World Between the Wars 1919-1936

What treaty, agreed upon by the Allied powers and forced on Germany in 1919, is essential to understanding the interwar period?

The Treaty of Versailles

Name three of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points.

(1) implementing freedom of the seas; (2) an end to secret treaties; (3) arms reductions

What did the French desire from Germany after WWI?

To economically and militarily cripple Germany so that it could not threaten them again

What did the British desire from Germany after WWI?

To neutralize the German navy and to extract payment of war reparations from Germany

What agreement was Wilson forced to give up some of his proposed points in exchange for?

Securing the League of Nations

Name three things that the Treaty of Versailles provided for.

(1) the formation of the League of Nations; (2) the war guilt clause, which blamed the war on Germany; (3) war reparations

What did John Maynard Keynes predict the Treaty of Versailles would lead to?

Another war within twenty years

Why did the U.S. Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?

Isolationist fears of involvement in the League of Nations

What was the worldwide economic collapse that followed the ephemeral economic prosperity in the United States known as?

The Great Depression

Name three chronic causes of the Great Depression.

(1) declining demand coupled with overproduction; (2) the collapse of the farming economy; (3) failing banks

Name two immediate causes of the Great Depression.

(1) The Stock Market Crash of 1929; (2) Mismanagement by the U.S. government by keeping interest rates high

What was the result of European countries expelling ethnic and national minorities from their borders after the war?

These conflicts bred resentment

Name the three ideological systems of governance that Europe had become divided between by the 1930s.

Capitalist democracies, Fascist Corporatist Economies, and Communist States

What is Fascism?

An ultranationalist, militarist ideology in which a single political party, led by a dictator, governs a state and controls its economy.

What is a Fascist Corporatist Economy?

Fascist governments abandon laissez faire and take control of the direction of the economy, maintaining private property and corporations while forcing corporate entities to follow government direction and advance national interests.

What was the most notable Communist state during the Interwar period?

The Soviet Union

What were Stalin's Soviet Five Year Plans?

Government power used to transform the country through rapid industrialization and forced collectivization of agriculture

What was the Holodomor?

Stalin responded to Ukrainian resistance to collectivized agriculture by engineering an artificial famine, redistributing food away from Ukraine and starving over three million people to death.

What was the result of the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles on the Ottoman Empire?

It shattered the Ottoman Empire, replacing it with a number of League of Nations Mandates, in which Great Britain administered Iraq and Palestine and France administered Syria and Lebanon on behalf of the League of Nations.

Name two places where the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles transferred the former German colonies.

Britain and France

Who was the leader of India who practiced non-violent civil disobedience and hunger strikes in protest of British oppression?

Mohandas Gandhi

What was President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's program known as for the American people?

The New Deal

What were Roosevelt’s three main goals in the New Deal?

(1) stabilize the economy, (2) help the economy recover, and (3) relieve human suffering