History - Change of regime

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Last updated 1:31 PM on 9/6/26
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14 Terms

1
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Crisis

  • debt, widening gap b/w poor and rich

  • financial and social problems, comparing to West > social crisis

  • faliure of system obvious


2
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Financial gap

  • second jobs > 10-14 hours a day

  • no second job > widening gap


3
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Opposition circles

  • ‘democratic opposition’ > human rights, secret lectures, samizdat publications (János Kis, Gábor Demszky)

  • popular-national opposition > national issues (Sándor Csóri)

  • Jogász Szakkollégium > Bibó István Szakkollégium > FIDESZ


4
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Soviet Union

  • lost arms race > Red Army couldn’t stay > allowed social and economic changes in satellite states


5
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Parties

  • Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF)

  • Alliance of Young Democrats (FIDESZ)

  • Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ)

  • dissolution of communist party started


6
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15th March 1988

  • no mass protests allowed

  • 100 000 people > freedom of press and democracy


7
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Prime ministers

  • Károly Grósz > cautious reforms > crisis unsolved

  • Miklós Németh > Imre Pozsgai: 1956 revolution > compensated, reburied people


8
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Right of peaceful assembly and association

  • parties, protests

  • Social Democrats

  • Independent Smallholders (FKGP)

  • Christian Democratic People’s Party (KDNP)


9
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Economic changes

  • private companies and company parts > spontaneous privatisation

  • ruling elite > transfer power into new system


10
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Negotiations

  • Opposition Round Table > modification of fundamental laws

  • free elections, financial support of opposition parties


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Miklós Németh

  • withdrawal of Red Army > negotiations

  • opened Austrian border to East-German citizens


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Hungarian Socialist Workers Party

  • reform members (Imre Pozsgai, Rezső Nyers, Miklós Németh, Gyula Horn)

  • Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP)


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After the decleration of republic

  • fierce political campaign > TV, radio, billboards, political fights

  • electing president directly? > referendum > president elected by parliament


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First parliamentary elections

  • spring 1990

  • MDF: József Antall PM, György Szabad Speaker

  • SZDSZ: Árpád Göncz President

  • president of Supreme Court of Justice: László Sólyom