Psych 24 Ch. 15 Eating Disorders

Examples of eating disorders?

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder

What do people with anorexia or bulimia do?

They have a distorted body image and take extensive measures to make themselves to avoid gaining weight.

Measures: vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, enemas, fasting, and excessive exercise.

What do people with binge eating disorder?

Eat in response from negative emotions

Describe the restricting type of anorexia nervosa

Restricting type: Has not actively engaged in binge eating or purging behavior, but follows diet, fasting, and does excessive exercise.

Describe the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa

Binge-eating/purging type: eating binges followed by self-induced vomiting, and/or using laxatives, enemas, or diuretics. Some individuals purge after eating a small amts of food without binging

Physical manifestations of eating disorders related to weight loss and purging

Amenorrhea (missing menstrual cycle),cold intolerance/hypothermia, heart problems, constipation, thin hair, alopecia, swelling, dehydration, and seizures.

What is the prognosis for anorexia nervosa?

Chronic and relapsing illness. Variable course-may completely recover, have fluctuating symptoms with relapses, or progressively deteriorate. Most remit within 5 years

What is the mortality rate for anorexia nervosa?

Mortality rate is cumulative and approximately 5% per decade due to starvation, suicide, or cardiac failure. Rates of suicide are approximately 12 per 100,000 per year.

What is the definition of bulimia nervosa?

Binge eating combined with behaviors intended to counteract weight gain such as vomiting; use of laxatives, enemas, or diuretics; fasting; or excessive exercise

Patients are embarrassed by their binge eating and overly concerned by their body weight. However, unlike patients with anorexia, they usually maintain a normal weight or might be overweight

Their symptoms are ego-dystonic (distressing), so they are more likely to seek help

What is the treatment for bulimia nervosa?

Antidepressants plus therapy (more effective combo for bulimia than for anorexia).

• SSRIs are first-line medication.

• Fluoxetine is the only FDA-approved medication for bulimia• Nutritional counseling and education

• Therapy includes cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, group therapy, and family therapy

.• Avoid bupropion due to its potential side effect to lower seizure threshold.

Describe binge-eating.

They suffer emotional distress about their binge-eating. Don't focus on their body weight. Don't control their weight through purging or calorie control.

Treatment for binge-eating disorder

Treatment involves individual (cognitive-behavioral or interpersonal) psychotherapy with a strict diet and exercise program. Comorbid mood disorders or anxiety disorders should be treated as necessary.

• Although their utility is limited by significant side effects and limited evidence, pharmacotherapy may be used adjunctively to promote weight loss:• Stimulants suppresses appetite and help with weight loss.

The eating disorders might be caused by affected?

Brain biology

Repressive cultural ideals

Certain personality traits

Genetics

Describe Pica

eating things not considered to be food

It occurs in all groups of people who are susceptible to an increased risk of nutrition deficiencies, poisoning, gut injuries, infections

Examples of things people who have pica would eat

soil, chalk, ice, paper, hair, dirt, wool, pebbles, clothes, laundry detergent

What types of groups of people is pica susceptible

It occurs in all groups of people who are susceptible to an increased risk of nutrition deficiencies, poisoning, gut injuries, infections

Description of rumination disorder

It is a newly recognized eating disorder.

It makes someone regurgitate already chewed and swallowed food within 30 mins of a meal

Either rechew or reswallow the food, or spit it out.

When does rumination disorder occur?

It can show up within 3 to 12 mo of age and cause malnutrition and severe weight loss in infants if not resolved

Adults with the condition usually limit when and what they can eat in public

When does Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) occur?

The condition arises before the age of 7 and can last into adulthood

What is Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)?

It causes disturbed eating with people avoiding certain food items due to colors, taste, textures, or temperatures

It leaves people feeling powerless

What are the symptoms of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)?

Eating habits causing interference within social life

Leads to decreased calorie intake

Nutrition deficiencies

Poor development for age and underweight

What are the similarities between the different eating disorders? What are the underlying features within these disorders?

Preoccupation with food (what, when, where)

Person is looking for belonging, connection, love, safe, and security

Intense underlying anxiety