Chapter 15 - Reconstruction Terms & IDs

Reconstruction

the period during which the federal government controlled the states that had seceded from the Union during the Civil War.

Emancipation Proclamation

Proclamation issued by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in areas still at war with the Union.

abolition

The movement to make slavery illegal.

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

Andrew Johnson

was a Tennessee statesman who became the 17th President after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Freedmen's Bureau

Organization run by the army (Oliver O. Howard) to care for and protect southern Blacks after the Civil War.

Thaddeus Stevens

A Radical Republican who believed in harsh punishments for the South. Leader of the Radical Republicans in Congress.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

law that established federal guarantees of civil rights for all citizens.

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

Ulysses S. Grant

Was a military leader and statesman who served as the final commander of the Union Army during the Civil War and later as the 18th president.

Hiram Revels

First Black Mississippi senator elected to the Senate. He was elected to the seat that had been occupied by Jefferson Davis when the South seceded.

Blanche K. Bruce

An American politician. Bruce represented Mississippi as a U.S. Senator from 1875 to 1881 and was the first black to serve a full term in the Senate.

P.B.S. Pinchback

First black governor of Louisiana.

black codes

laws that restricted African Americans' rights and opportunities.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869.

Susan B. Anthony

Social reformer who campaigned for Women's rights, temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

American Equal Rights Association (AERA)

Supported suffrage for both white women and blacks; Eventually divided over the 15th amendment, which did not remove voting restrictions based on gender.

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude. Gave black men the right to vote.

National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)

Was a group that worked for the constitutional amendment to give woman the right to vote.

Ladies Memorial Association (LMA)

Southern women who led efforts to bury and memorialize the dead created new holidays where white southerners could reaffirm their allegiance to the confederacy. Helped spread the ideology of the Lost Cause.

The Lost Cause

The phrase many white southerners applied to their Civil War defeat. They viewed the war as a noble cause but only a temporary setback in the South's ultimate vindication.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

a secret society formed in the South with the intension of promoting white supremacy and denying African Americans the exercise of their new rights.

sharecropping

a system in which a farmer tends to a portion of a planter's land in return for a share of the crop.

Morrill Land Grant Act

Passed by Congress in 1862, this law distributed millions of acres of western lands to state governments in order to fund state agricultural colleges.

Homestead Act

1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years

Redeemer

a term for white southern Democrats who returned to political power after 1870.

Depression of 1873

an economic crash that resulted from the overreaching of promoters to build more railroads, factories, and farms than the market could handle. The banks made imprudent loans to finance this and when profit was not realized, these loans went unpaid...Caused by over-speculation and too-easy credit.

Compromise of 1877

an agreement by which Rutherford B. Hayes own the 1876 presidential election and its exchange agreed to remove all remaining federal troops from the South.

segregation

forced separation, often by race.

integration

the process of bringing together people of different races, religions, and social classes.

tenant farming

a system in which a farmer paid rent to a landowner for the use of the land.

Enforcement Acts

1870 and 1871 laws, also known as the Ku Klux Klan Acts, that made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to vote.

Jim Crow Laws

state laws passed throughout the South to enforce racial segregation of public facilities.

The New South

After the Civil War, southerners promoted a new vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation. Henry Grady played an important role.