Abnormal Psychology Exam 5

What is a key characteristic of Anorexia Nervosa?

Restriction of food intake and fear of gaining weight

What disorder involves binge eating without purging?

Binge-Eating Disorder

What is a common cause of Binge-Eating Disorder?

Low self-esteem and stress

What treatment is often used for eating disorders like Anorexia and Bulimia?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

What is a compensatory behavior commonly seen in Bulimia Nervosa?

Purging after eating

Which group is most commonly affected by Anorexia Nervosa?

Women in high-income countries

What emotion do people with Binge-Eating often feel after eating?

Shame or guilt

What percentage of women are affected by Binge-Eating Disorder?

2.7%

What is the first step in treating severe Anorexia Nervosa?

Stabilizing and regaining healthy weight

What disorder has the highest mortality rate of any mental illness?

Anorexia Nervosa

What percentage of Bulimia Nervosa cases are women?

90%

Eating disorders can lead to long-term health problems or even death is untreated.

True

How often must binge eating occur to diagnose Bulimia Nervosa?

Once a week for three months

What is NOT a behavior seen in Bulimia?

Balanced eating

People with Anorexia Nervosa usually have a normal or above-average body weight.

False

What is an ingested material that can cause temporary cognitive, behavioral, or physiological symptoms?

Substances

Substance Use Disorder can be diagnosed for all substance classes except what specific substance?

Caffeine

Symptoms are NOT dependent on the type of substance being used in Substance Intoxication. All symptoms are the same.

False

What is the development of behavior due to the sudden cessation of long-term substance use?

Withdrawal

What will individuals under the effects of withdrawal experience the urge to do?

Consume the substance to reduce their symptoms

Substances that reduce or inhibit neural activity are called

Depressants

Substances that “speed up” the flow of information between the brain and the body are known as

Stimulants

What is NOT a hallucinogen?

Heroin

What is the primary effect of hallucinogens on the user?

Altered perception of reality and sensory experiences

What disorders are primarily comorbid with a 12-month drug use disorder?

MDD, Bipolar I, PTSD, and antisocial panic disorder

What is NOT a primary modality for treating and preventing substance abuse?

Grounding/Earthing

Ketamine is a common stimulant

False - it’s a depressant

About what percent of the population have reported using illegal drugs in the past month?

16.8%

What does effective substance use treatment focus on?

Physical dependence and psychological behavior change

Substance abuse often arises from the combined influence of genetics, environmental factors, mental health, and learned behaviors

How long do symptoms have to last for an individual to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia?

6 months

What age do males typically experience symptoms of schizophernia?

Late adolescence to early 20s

What is one cause of Schizophrenia disorder?

Pregnancy or birth complications

What is NOT a treatment for Schizophrenia?

Exposure therapy

To be diagnosed with Schizophreniform disorder symptoms must last longer than 6 months.

False

The most common ages of onset for Schizophreniform disorder are…

18-24 for men and 18-35 for women

What is NOT one of the causes of Schizophreniform disorder?

Drinking too many Redbulls

What is the lifetime prevalence of Schizoaffective disorder?

0.3%

Which is NOT one of the causes for Schizoaffective disorder?

In laws

What are the two psychotic symptoms that distinct Schizoaffective from Schizophrenia?

Major Depressive or Manic Episode

What is one type of medication prescribed to a Schizoaffective patient?

Paliperidone

What is the main symptom of delusional disorder?

Delusions

How long must a delusion last for a diagnosis?

One month

People with delusional disorder usually can…

Function normally in daily life

Which treatment can help with delusional disorder?

Antipsychotic medication

Managing care for people with serious mental illness requires a balance between several things:

Patient’s rights as an individual

Patient’s individual safety (suicide)

Society’s right to safety and security (homicide)

Civil commitment laws

Detail when a person can be legally declared to have a mental illness and be placed in a hospital for treatment

Civil commitment laws include

Involved legal definition of mental illness

Date back to the late 19th century

Laws vary by state

General criteria for Civil Commitment

Person has a mental illness and needs treatment

Person is danger to self or others

Personal is gravely disabled - inability to care for self

Police Power

Health, welfare, and safety of society

Parens Patriae

States acts a surrogate parent

Initial Stages of Civil Commitment Process

Person fails to seek help

Others feel that help is needed

Petition is made to a judge of behalf of the person - relative or mental health professional

Individual must be notified of the process

Subsequent Stages of Civil Commitment Process

Normal legal proceedings

Determination is made by a judge

Decision informed by expert opinions

Emergency situations

Clear immediate danger

A short-term commitment

Without formal proceedings

Defining Mental Illness

Typically defined as severe emotional or thought disturbances that impact health and safety.

Definitions vary by state

What is excluded in the definition of mental illness?

Cognitive ability (autism spectrum)

Substance-related disorders

Dangerousness to self or others

Central to commitment proceedings

Assessing dangerousness - role of mental health professionals

Violence and mental illness

What misconception is there about people with mental illness and being dangerous?

People with mental illness are much more likely to be dangerous - perpetuated by sensational media portrayals

Definition of mental illness is not synonymous with having a psychological diagnosis

Benefit: flexibility

Disadvantage: vulnerable to bias

Reality of mental illness and violence

Having mental illness moderately increases risk for dangerous behavior

Some risk added with hallucinations, delusions, personality disorders

Assessment tools for predicting violence

Best at identifying persons at low risk of being violent, not good at long term prediction

What factors increase risk for violence?

High anger disposition, recent stressors, and substance use

Can professionals predict an individual being violent long-term?

No, they are not able to.

Supreme court restrictions on involuntary commitment

A non-dangerous person cannot be involuntarily commitment

Insufficient grounds for commitment include need for treatment alone and gravely disabled.

When was the criminalization of the mentally ill more prevalent?

The 60s and 70s

Deinstitutionalization

Movement of people with mental illness out of institutions

80s

What was the problem with deinstitutionalization?

Led huge numbers of ill people to become homeless

Transinsitutionalization

People with mental illness have been moved out of large mental hospitals to other institutions, including prisons and nursing homes

80s

When were the liberal changes in civil commitment procedures followed?

90s

Backlash from caregivers of ill individuals who wanted their loved ones’ care to be mandatory

Led to broader procedures and easier commitment