Muscular System

5 functions of muscle

movement, posture, mobility, heat production, stability

muscle prefix

myo-

what percent of body weight does skeletal muscle make uo

30-40%

6 ways muscles are named

location, action, shape, size, # of origins, direction of fibers

cardiac muscle tissue=

blood

smooth muscle tissue=

food

skeletal muscle tissue=

movement

when muscles contract ____ happens

heat produced

what muscle controls organ volume

sphincter

can fat turn into muscle with training

no, different types of tissue

can fat cells grow and divide

yes

can fat cells rest as is (no change)

yes

can fat cells be destroyed with exercise

no, you can only decrease amount of fat

term for muscle cell shrinking

atrophy

term for muscle cell enlarging

hypertrophy

are muscle cell & fiber interchangeable terms?

yes, long so called fiber

can fat cells be targeted during a workout

no, only muscle targeted

strongest human muscle (strength of force exerted on object)

masiter, jaw

strongest human muscle (force exerted by muscle itself)

quads or glutes

strongest human muscle (quantity of work)

heart

strongest human muscle (force by weight of muscle)

lining of uterus

how many muscles in human body

639

each muscle burns ____ calories by just existing

75-100

how many muscles in human phalanges

0

3 sites for intramuscular injections

gluteas medias, deltoid, vastis lateralis (babies)

what metabolic product accounts for sore muscles and feeling of muscle weakness

lactic acid=muscle pain

ATP harvesting pathway for irregular breathing pattern

anaerobic

fast twitch muscles

sprinters, less capillary beds

slow twitch muscles

long distance, more capillary beds

long distance runners have more ___

fibers

origin

where musce attaches to a bone that remains fixed when muscle contracts

insertion

point where muscle attaches to a bone that moves when muscles contract

prime mover

muscle primarily responsible for producing specific movement or action

antagonist

muscle that opposes action of prime mover, relaxes

synergist

assists prime mover in producing specific movement, help refine movement

Flexer

decrease angle

extensor

increase angle

abducter

limb away from midline

adductor

limb toward midline

rotator

bone around axis

pronator

palms down

soupinator

palms up

Levator

body part upwards

Depressor

body part downwards

protractor

body part forward

retractor

body part backwards

muscle that makes lumer larger

sphincter

what muscle contracts to elevate eyebrows

frontalis

muscle type that is banded/striated

skeletal & cardiac

if a muscle cell is parallel to midline what term is given

rectus

if muscle cell is diagonal what term is given

oblique

group of muscles that flexes leg at knee

hamstrings

muscle to muscle conn. tissue

fascia

dilate

make wider

contrict

compress, squeeze, make more narrow

examples of muscles that are prime mover and antagonist

glutes and quads, biceps and triceps, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius

prime mover of dorsiflexion in foot

tibialis anterior

muscles that make quadriceps

vastis lateralis, vastis medialis, vastis intermedius (deep), rectus femoris

muscle is ___ to skin

deep

what is the belly of the muscle

the large part

biceps brachii is __ to biceps femoris

superior

vastis means

large

what muscles (along with hamstring) assist in flexing the knee

gastrocnemius, popliteus, gracilis, sartorius

why does flexing knee help bring avulsed hamstring tendons back to ischial tuberosity

support for hamstring to join back with IT, when together easier to back up

pain in lower right cald, gap between swollen calf and heel, unable to plantar flex foot, what happened?

severed achillies tendone, seperates calacalies and gastrocnemius

ACH inhibitor does what

neurotransmitter spasms unrestricted

weakness of muscles on right side, abdominal muscles contract more strongly, torso in lateral flexion. what abnormal curvature happens if unregulated

scoliosis

muscle to bone

tendon