AP World History - New Imperialism

AP World History Flashcards on New Imperialism

Nationalism

A political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms.

Quinine

A medicine used to treat malaria, helping Europeans survive in tropical regions.

Social Darwinism

The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

White Man's Burden

The supposed duty of the white race to bring education and Western culture to non-white inhabitants of their colonies.

Resource extraction

The process of removing raw materials from the earth to be used in manufacturing.

Berlin Conference (1884-85)

A meeting where European powers divided Africa among themselves, disregarding existing African political structures and ethnic boundaries.

Suez Canal

A crucial waterway in Egypt that Britain secured in 1882 for trade and strategic purposes.

Cash crops

Agricultural crops grown for sale to return a profit.

Belgian Congo

A colony personally owned by Leopold II of Belgium, notorious for its brutal exploitation of rubber resources and mistreatment of the Congolese people.

Opium Wars

Conflicts between Britain and China caused by the British trade in opium, which led to unequal treaties and the expansion of European influence in China.

Unequal Treaties

A series of treaties signed with Western powers during the 19th and early 20th centuries by Qing dynasty China and late Tokugawa Japan after suffering military defeat by the foreign powers or when there was a threat of military action by those powers.

Sepoy Mutiny (1857)

A revolt of Indian soldiers against the British East India Company, leading to direct British rule (British Raj) in India.

British Raj

The period of direct British rule over India from 1858 to 1947.

The Great Game

A strategic rivalry and conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for dominance in Central Asia.

Meiji Restoration (1868)

A period of modernization and westernization in Japan, leading to its imperial ambitions.

Boxer Rebellion (1900)

A Chinese rebellion against foreign influence and Christian missionaries, suppressed by an international coalition.

Banana Republics

Countries in Central America where the United Fruit Company exerted significant political and economic influence.

Spanish-American War (1898)

A conflict between the United States and Spain that resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Philippines-American War (1899-1902)

An armed conflict between the Philippines and the United States.

Indentured servitude

A system of labor where individuals work under contract for a set period, often to pay for transportation to a new country.

Settler colonialism

A form of colonialism that involves large-scale immigration and settlement of settlers, who often impose their political, economic, and cultural systems on the indigenous population.