AP Gov Un 1

Direct Democracy

Where every citizen will vote directly on a bill

Natural Rights

Simply belongs to all human beings, regardless of what government says

Consent of the Governed

Govt gains its authority and autonomy by the willingness and sanction of it's people

Limited Government

Certain restrictions will be placed on government in order to protect the natural rights of citizens

Separation of Powers

Principle of dividing the powers of a government among different branches to guard against tyranny

articles of confederation

a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens

no executive or judicial branches
unicameral legislature
equal rep per state (1 state=1 vote) all states needed to amend and 9 states needed to pass
no payment

Virginia Plan

Bicameral legislature which got representation based on state populations

New Jersey Plan

Unicameral Legislature which had equal rep for all states

Great Compromise

Slave Trade ends 20 years later in 1808, Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for representation in congress and for levying taxes

interstate commerce Clause

congress regulates interstate trade and can tax imports but not exports

electoral college

the body of electors who formally elect the United States president

equal representation balanced population

Article IV (4)

Federalism. Full faith and credit clause

Full faith and credit clause

act or judicial proceeding of one state must be honored in all other states

Article V (5)

Amendment process

Supremacy Clause

Article 6 or VI. Constiution>

McCulloch V. Maryland

Maryland imposed tax on Second National branch of US, McCulloch refused to pay, and Supreme Court agreed w McCulloch- Established implied powers of national government and national supremacy which was used to strengthen power of national government

Gibbons V. Ogden

Established commerce clause and federal govt regulated interstate commerce and regulated economic activity

Dual Federalism or Layer Cake Federalism

National and State governments each are supreme in their own sphere of influence. Each level has their own stuff

Cooperative or Marble Cake Federalism

Shift- Grew from a need for more govt spending. Cooperation of national and state govts

New Federalism

National Govt attempted a reversal and more power to states

Fiscal Federalism

National Govt uses policy to influence states through granting or withholding money

Grant-In-Aid Programs

money and resources provided by federal govt to state and local governments used for specific projects or programs

Categorical Grants

Specific purpose defined by law and might require matching funds from states. Awarded on basis of application

Block Grant

Given and used for broad categories- Free money

revenue sharing

distribution of part of the federal tax income to states and municipalities.

mandates

requirements imposed by national govt, but does not provide money at all

majoritarian

when a politician votes on what majority of their citizens votes, and not for the best of the country

extradition

the surrender of an accused or convicted person by one state or country to another

Ex Post Facto Law

Can't pass a law after the fact happened and punish

Implied Powers

Not explicitly stated but implied, and leaves room for interpretation

Delegated Powers

Federal Govt powers

Reserved Powers

everything else left to state

Marbury V. Madison

Appointing of midnight judges- Judiciary act of 1789 is ruled constitution, and establishes judicial review (supreme court can call stuff unconstiutional)

Wabash V. Illinois and Pacific Railway Co V. Illinois

Wabash Railway interstate- led to creation of ICC and denied states to regulate interstate railroads

Gitlow V. NY

Court ruled in favor of a socialist who called for socialism strikes. Applied free speech and free press

United States V. Lopez

Kid brings gun to school and got charged with jail under federal law- Supreme Court gave power to states and gave them final say on gun matters

Federalist No. 10

Madison argues against major factions, but says you also need factions with a large republic

Brutus No. 1

large republic will ingore its people

Particapatory Democracy

Emphasizes broad participation in politics and civil society

Shays Rebellion

armed uprising in Massachusetts by farmers bc they did not gain their promised money

Representation Debate

2/3 vote in both houses, or proposal from 2/3 of state legislatures, and final ratification determined by 3/4 of states

Is the debate of federal vs state still ongoing

yes

9/11 security
federal gov and education

Federalist Paper No. 51

Constitutional provisions of separation of powers and howchecks and balances control abuses by majorities

Implications of Separation of Powers

There are multiple access points for stakeholders and institutions to influence public policy