RADR 1309: Exam 3

advance directive

legal document prepared by a living, competent adult to provide guidance to the health care team if the individual should become unable to make decisions regarding their medical care; may also be called a living will or durable power of attorney for healthcare. sometimes a durable power of attorney is given to another persons because a person simply does not to make any of these decisions themself

communication

exchange if information, thoughts, or messages; includes interpdersonalrapport; also includes the accurate conveyance of information, clear self-expression, and transmission of information and ideas to others. medical charting and documentation are forms of communication between health care professionals.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) (EQ)

ability to evaluate, perceive, and control emotions

skill, self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, social skills

5 core areas of emotional intelligence

gerontology

pertaining to the study of older adults

inpatient

someone who has been admitted to the hospital for diagnostic studies/treatment

maslow's hierarchy of needs

model of human needs developed by Abraham Maslow, original Hierarchy identifies two types of needs: deficiency and growth needs were further divided into seven levels, four at the deficiency needs level (physiologic, safety, belongingness and love, and esteem) and three in the upper growth needs level (need to know and understand, aesthetic, and self-actualization); the current hierarchy reflects five levels, two at the base reflecting the basic needs, two in the middle section reflecting psychological needs and the top which reflects self-fulfillment needs.

nonverbal communication

exchange of information, thoughts, or messages using methods other than the actual words of speech, for example, tone of voice, speed of speech, facial expressions, and position of the speaker's extremities and torso (body language)

body language, eye contact, professional appearance

3 examples of nonverbal communication

outpatient

a patient who comes to a health care facility for diagnosis or treatment but does not usually occupy a bed overnight

palpation

application of light pressure with fingers

paralanguage

music of language; cadence and rhythym of speech

patient assessment

objective evaluation and determination of the status of a patient

patient autonomy

ability and right of patients to make independent decisions regarding their medical care

verbal communication

messages sent using spoken words, the exchange of information or thoughts; can be dramatically shaped by vocabulary, clarity, tone, pitch of voice, and even the organization of sentences.

self-actualization

the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is

ambulatory

able to walk

medical chart

what don't you discuss with a patient

professional appearance, touch, and pantomime techniques

effective methods in communicating with patient

for emotinal support, for emphasis, and for palpation

when is touching a patient valuable?

osteoporotic loss of bone

what may cause (geriatric) patient paranoia about potential falls with potential for permanent loss of mobility.

denial and isolation

first stage of acceptance of dying for a teminally ill patient

open awareness

permits the patient to begin to work through the various stages that precede dying

physiologic, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, need to know and understand, aesthetics, and self-actualization.

The order of maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top

physiologic

according to maslow's hierarchy, what type of needs must be first met?

it is percieved as competence

why is confidence important in patient interaction?

reviewing the chart or requisition

best way to assess a patient initially

outpatient

comes for treatment without overnight stay

touching for emotional support, touching for emphasis, touching for palpation

three types of touch commonly used by radiologic and imaging science professionals.

gerontology

the studying of aging and diseases of older adults

using your palm to palpate

what should you avoid when touching a patient?

slowly and clearly

how should you speak to older patients

older adults

which group is most likely to need help with sphincter control and GI mobility

count to three with fingers, pinch nose, and take a deep breath

what is a helpful gesture to communicate "hold your breath" to a deaf patient

unlwaful restraint

using restraints without or outside of facility protocol

call the patient's name, introduce yourself, and explain the procedure

3 steps before starting a mobile or surgical exam

light fingertip pressure

how should palpation be performed during patient positioning

Touching for emphasis

using touch to guide or instruct patients in positioning or movement

25-45

age of young adults

45-65

age of middle-aged adults

65 and older

age of mature adults

young-old, old-old, and oldest old

how are geriatric patients classified

primary aging

aging is the gradual and inevitable process of deterioration that begins in childhood and extends through old age

secondary aging

consists of disease, abuse, and disuse, which are often within the control of the individual.

denial and anger, bargaining, depression, preparatory depression, and acceptance

5 stages of grieving

chief complaint

primary medical problem as defined by the patient; important because it focuses the clinical history toward the single most important issue

chronology

time element of the history, usually including the onset, duration, frequency, and course of the symptoms

clinical history

information available regarding a patient's condition; traditionally comprises data on localization, quality, quantity, chronology, setting, aggravating or alleviating factors, and associated manifestations

leading questions

undesirable method of questioning; provides information that may direct answers toward a suggested symptom or complaint

localization

determination of a precise area, usually through gentle palpation or careful wording of questions

objective

perceptible to the external senses

quality

description of the character of the symptoms--for example, the color, quantity, and consistency of blood or other body substances; size or number of lumos or lesions; frequency of urination or coughing; or character of pain

subjective

pertaining to or perceived only by the affected individual; not perceptible to the senses

objective data

data that is perceptible to the senses, such as signs that can be seen, heard, or felt and such things as laboratory reports

subjective data

data that pertains to or is perceived only by the affected individual, includes factors that involve the patient's emotions and experiences such as pain and its severity, and are not perceptible to the senses.

Respect, Genuineness, Empathy

What 3 qualities did Carl Rogers state that appear to be important in establishing an open dialogue?

base of support

foundation on which a body rests or stands; when people stand, their feet and the space between the feet define the base of support

biomechanics

a component of physics, the law of Newtonian mechanics, applied to living bodies at rest and in motion

center of gravity

hypothetical point around which all mass appears to be concetrated

commonly attached medical equipment

items clipped, fastened, or affixed to patients' bodies to deliver substances, such as oxygen, medications, hydration, or nutrition, or drain away substances, such as post surgical fluids or urine. care must be taken when moving or positioning patients with these attachments. neither the patient nor the clinician should get injured during this activity.

ergonomics

the study of a person's efficiency in the working environment

mobility muscles

muscles that are found in the four extremities and designed for movement; examples include the biceps femoris, biceps brachii, and gastrocnemius. these muscles have long white tendons and are also called white muscles.

orthostatic hypotension

a sudden drop in blood pressure in the brain when a patient stands up quickly from a sitting position, causing the oxygen in the brain to drop and the person to become dizzy and prone to falling

stability muscles

muscles that support the torso and are designed to provide postural stability; examples include the latissimus dorsi, abdominal group, and erector spinal. These muscles tend to have thick red muscles bellies and are also called red muscles.

red postural muscles

What muscles should be used for efficient and safe patient transfers

octoscope immobilization device

device used on infants and children younger than 1 year. can be used for upright and recumbent positions and takes advantage of velcro straps

the sacred seven

a structured framework used in diagnostic imaging to obtain a comprehensive patient history. (1-7)

localization, chronology, quality, severity, onset, aggravating/alleviating factors,associated symptoms

the sacred seven in order

biomechanics

the action of forces on bodies at rest or in motion in living creatures.

base of support

the area between the feet, the plantar surface, in a standing position

standing with feet apart and flat on the floor

what increases base of support

the second sacral segment

where is the body's center of gravity located

keep straight posture, bend knees, and avoid twisting the trunk

3 rules of good body mechanics

In the limbs (long white tendons) used for lifting

where are mobility muscles found and what is their function

in the torso (red muscle belly); used for postural support

where are stability muscles found and what is their function?

biceps brachii and hamstring group (arms and legs)

mobility muscles include

rectus abdominis and erector spinae muscles

postural muscles include

use legs for lifting, keep back straight, and avoid twisting

how should technologists lift patients?

dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, and slurred speech

symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

standby assist, assisted standing pivot, two-person lift, and hydraulic lift

4 types of wheelchair transfers

toward their stronger side

in which direction should patients be positioned for wheelchar transfers?

for patients who cannot bear weight on their lower extremities

when is a two-person lift used

supine, prone, lateral, sims, fowler

5 common patient positions

assisted standing pivot transfer

transfer for patients who cannot stand independently but can bear weight on their legs

two-person lift

transfer for patients who cannot bear weight on their lower extremities and must be lifted onto the table, stronger person on the side of the patient's torso and other person at the feet of patient.

hydraulic lift

transfer used for heavy patients. patients need to be seated on a lift sling before using this type of lift.

a draw sheet or transfer assist device

what do you use if a patient cannot assist with a cart-to-table transfer

positive non-verbal communication and defining and specifying terms

two desirable methods of conducting a clinical history interview

hydraulic lift

if a patient arrives in a wheelchair and on a sling, which type of transfer is indicated

standing with the legs apart

how can the base of support be increased

the patient

who is voluntary motion under the control of

positioning sponge

what is the most commonly used immobilization technique

velcro straps

which might be used to immobilize a patient for upright lateral chest radiograph

backboard

an example of a spinal trauma immobilization device

after the physician has reviewed the images and determined it is safe

when is removing a cervical collar permissible

sandbag

an immobilization device that is radiopaque

pigg-o-stat

used for pediatric examination of the chest

falling

biggest fear of a geriatric patient

anteroposterior

direction of x-ray beam from front to back

artifacts

substances or structures not naturally present but of which an authentic image appears on an image