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damping
exponential decay of simple harmonic motion amplitude due to energy loss to heat and sound energy via frictional forces
resonance
when a driving oscillator has a frequency (period) which matches the natural frequency (or period) of an oscillating system
conditions for SHM
-restoring force must be directly proportional to displacement y from equilibrium
-restoring force is oppositely directed to displacement y from equilibrium
total energy in SHM
Etotal = Ep + Ek
extra condition for SHM for pendulum
the angle of the swing from the vertical must be less than 10 degrees
how shaking the top end of a cord causes SHM
-the top of the cord must be shaken at the natural (resonant) frequency
-this results in resonance, where energy is transferred into the system via gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy
-the shaking causes a standing wave to form in the cord