AP Psychology Unit 5 Flashcards

Emotion-Focused Coping

Reducing stress by managing emotions rather than changing the stressor (e.g., distraction, relaxation).

Eustress

Positive stress that motivates and improves performance.

Problem-Focused Coping

Reducing stress by directly addressing or solving the cause of the stress.

Gratitude

A feeling of thankfulness and appreciation for what one has or receives.

Positive Psychology

The study of human strengths and behaviors that help people thrive and achieve well-being.

Post-Traumatic Growth

Positive psychological change experienced as a result of struggling with a traumatic event.

Resilience

The ability to adapt, recover, and bounce back from stress or adversity.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

A manual by the American Psychiatric Association used to diagnose and classify mental disorders.

Eclectic Approach

Using techniques from multiple psychological therapies to treat a disorder.

International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD)

A global diagnostic system by the World Health Organization used to classify diseases, including mental disorders.

Stigma

Negative attitudes or beliefs that lead to discrimination against people with mental disorders.

Agoraphobia

Intense fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult (e.g., crowds, public places).

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder involving extreme food restriction, intense fear of weight gain, and distorted body image.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Pattern of disregard for others’ rights, often involving lack of empathy and violation of social norms.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Disorder marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Developmental disorder involving deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors.

Bipolar I Disorder

Mood disorder defined by at least one manic episode, often alternating with depression.

Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorder involving binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors (e.g., purging).

Delusions

False beliefs held despite clear evidence against them.

Dissociative Amnesia

Inability to recall important personal information, usually after trauma or stress.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Disorder where a person has two or more distinct personality states.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Persistent, excessive worry about multiple aspects of life.

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences without external stimuli (e.g., seeing or hearing things that aren’t there).

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding possessions, leading to clutter and distress.

Major Depressive Disorder

Disorder characterized by persistent depressed mood and loss of interest or pleasure.

Mania

Period of abnormally elevated mood, energy, and activity levels.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Disorder involving unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions).

Panic Disorder

Disorder marked by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and fear of future attacks.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Disorder following trauma, involving flashbacks, avoidance, and heightened arousal.

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Group of disorders involving psychosis, including delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Intense fear of social situations due to fear of judgment or embarrassment.

Active Listening

Empathic listening that involves giving full attention, reflecting, and clarifying what the speaker says.

Antipsychotic Drugs

Medications that reduce symptoms of psychosis, especially by blocking dopamine receptors.

Aversion Therapy (Aversive Conditioning)

Conditioning that pairs an unwanted behavior with an unpleasant stimulus to reduce that behavior.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Therapy that combines changing negative thoughts and maladaptive behaviors.

Cognitive Therapy

Therapy that focuses on changing irrational or negative thought patterns.

Deinstitutionalization

Movement to release people with mental illness from large institutions into community-based care.

Dream Analysis

Psychoanalytic technique that interprets dreams to uncover unconscious thoughts.

Exposure Therapy

Treatment that gradually exposes individuals to feared stimuli to reduce anxiety.

Fear Hierarchies

Ordered list of feared situations from least to most anxiety-provoking.

Hypnosis

Altered state of focused attention and increased suggestibility.

Lobotomy

Outdated psychosurgery that involved removing or destroying brain tissue to treat mental disorders.

Psychoactive Drug

Substance that alters mood, perception, or behavior by affecting the brain.

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Therapy that focuses on changing irrational beliefs causing emotional distress.

Systematic Desensitization

Gradual exposure to feared stimuli paired with relaxation techniques.

Token Economy

Behavior therapy using rewards (tokens) to reinforce desired behaviors.