SLHS Unit 1 Terms

Anatomy and Physiology of Speech

Anatomy

structural makeup of an organism and its parts

Physiology

the study of functions and activities of living organisms

Diagnostic phase

identifying the nature of the disorder

Prognosis

Prediction of how much recovery will occur and with what speed

Treatment

Strategies, interventions, management options to help the client be

a more effective communicator

Communication

the exchange of thoughts and ideas, doesn’t specifically need to be done through speech

Language

abstract, symbolic, rule-based, representation of meaning transmitted to others by an arbitrary code that is shared through language users

Speech

acoustic signal coding or representation of language generated

by sequences of rapid, coordinated movements of the functional

components of the speech mechanism

Sound

acoustic signal generated by sequences of rapid, coordinated

movement of functional components of speech

What order is the Speech chain?

(speaker) linguistic>physiological>acoustic >(listener) physiological, linguistic

Message Planning

The message that an individual wants to send to a

communication partner, an idea

Message encoding

choosing words and sounds are putting them together in a grammatical sentence

Motor Planning and Programming

unconsciously choosing the appropriate movements to communicate the message by deciding what muscles move and when

Motor Execution

direct activation and movement of muscles in the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulacy systems

Levels of observation

neural, muscular, structural, aeromechanical, acoustic, and perceptual

10 functional components of speech

abdominal muscles, diaphragm, ribcage, larynx, pharynx, posterior tongue, anterior tongue, velopharynx/ soft palate, jaw, lips

Communication disorders

include both speech, vocal, and language disorders and can be comorbid

Speech disorders

due to anatomical difference, neurological disorders, can have no biological cause (functional). some examples include cleft palates, dysarthria, apraxia, and vocal nodules

Language disorders

are neurological, developmental, and acquired disorders. some include ALS, strokes, etc.

anterior

towards front

posterior

towards back

dorsal

towards spine

ventral

towards stomach

inferior

towards bottom

superior

towards top

medial

towards midline

proximal

toward root of extremity

central

towards center

lateral

away from midline

distal

away from body

peripheral

away form center

abduction

movement away from body

adduction

movement towards body

coronal plane

frontal plane

axial/transverse/horizontal plane

horizontal plane

sagittal plane

vertical split

ipsilateral

same side as extremity

contralateral

opposite side of extremity