Oil, Quartering head/tailwinds, Wing terminology

Aerodynamics of Flight

The primary flight controls

Ailerons, rudder, elevator (stabilizer)

What temperatures would carburetor ice most likely occur?

20-70F

How to purge water from fuel system

drain fuel from the tanks and the fuel strainer

Fuel pump systems

use vents to avoid fuel starvation, fuel leaving tank is replaced by incoming air or fuel will stop flowing

Higher the grade of fuel

the better it can withstand higher temperatures and pressure

What can you do if your grade of fuel is not available?

Use next highest grade of fuel, but can never use Jet A colorless or straw fuel

How to avoid moisture in fuel tanks at night

Moisture condense at night so make sure to fill fuel to minimize condensation from cooling

Detonation

Uncontrolled or explosive ignition (rather than combustion) during power stroke

If a pilot suspects detonation during climb out they should

increase airflow over engine by lowering the nose

Dual ignition system is used for

improved engine performance and safety

The engine will not fail if there is a _____ failure

electrical system failure

Oil helps the engine cool by

oil being forced over the engine parts by the engine driven oil pump

Engine oil is used for

lubricant and dissipating heat

operating with high engine temperature can lead to

excessive oil consumption, loss of power, detonation, serious damage

If aircraft is becoming too hot

enrich the mixture (more fuel=more cooling) which in turn increases airflow

lower nose during climbs, increasing airspeed

How will you know if your electric system failed

radios, lights, and some gauges will stop working

tricycle gear, nosewheel

convectional gear, tailwheel

If the engine oil temperature and cylinder

head temperature gauges have exceeded

their normal operating range, the pilot may

have been operating with...

Too much power and with the mixture set too lean.

(Too much Air and not enough Fuel... Fuel cools the mixture, Air makes it hotter...)

The operating principle of a float-type

carburetor is based on...

The difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and

the air inlet.

During run-up at a high elevation airport the pilot

notices a slight engine roughness that is not affected

by the magneto check but grow worse during the

carburetor heat check... What should he do?

Check the results obtained with a leaner setting of the

mixture.

While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the

fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What

will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is

made without readjusting the mixture?

The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean.

If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch

propeller and a float-type carburetor, the

first indication of carburetor icing would

most likely be...

Loss of RPM.

The presence of carburetor icing in an

airplane equipped with a fixed-pitch

propeller can be verified by applying

carburetor heat and noting...

A decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM.

If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft

engine is lower than specified for the engine,

it will most likely cause...

Detonation.

Detonation may occur at high-power

settings when...

The fuel/air mixture ignites instantaneously instead of

burning progressively and evenly.

If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a

fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during

climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective

action to take would be to...

Lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed.

The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air

charge in advance of normal spark ignition

is known as...

Pre-ignition.

Which would most likely cause the cylinder

head temperature and engine oil

temperature gauges to exceed their normal

operating ranges?

Using fuel that has a lower-than-specified fuel rating.

What type of fuel can be substituted for an

aircraft if the recommended octane is not

available...

The next higher octane aviation gas.

For internal cooling, reciprocating aircraft

engines are especially dependent on...

The circulation of lubricating oil.

An abnormally high engine oil temperature

indication may be caused by...

The oil level being too low.

What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling

an engine that is overheating during a

climb...

Reduce rate of climb and increase the airspeed.

What is an advantage of a constant-speed

propeller...

Permits the pilot to select the blade angle for the most

efficient performance.

What should the first action be after starting

an aircraft engine?

Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired

indications on the engine gauges.

Excessively high engine temperatures, either

in the air or on the ground, will... (excluding dentonation)

Cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and

possible permanent internal engine damage.

Where can an aircraft’s Operating Limitations

be found?

In a current FAA approved flight manual, approved manual

material, markings, placards, or any combination thereof.

When taxiing with strong quartering

tailwinds, which aileron positions should be

used?

Ailerons down on the side from which the wind is

blowing.

Which aileron positions should a pilot

generally use when taxiing in strong quartering

headwinds?

Aileron up on the side from which the wind is blowing.

Which wind condition would be most

critical when taxiing a nosewheel equipped

high-wing airplane?

Quartering tailwind - combat by ailerons and elevator in neutral

How should the flight controls be held while

taxiing a tricycle-gear equipped airplane

into a left quartering headwind?

Left aileron up, elevator neutral.

How should the flight controls be held while

taxiing a tailwheel airplane into a left

quartering tailwind?

Left aileron down, elevator down.

What is wake turbulence?

Slow rotations or speed creating very large and dangerous vortex’s and can drift a 1000ft per minute

Dihedral

is the upward angle thus formed by the tip wings. Sideslip (gust of wind) will cause one wing to decrease in aoa and lift, dihedral helps to combat sideslip.

keel effect

wings wanting to turn into the wind

Taper ratio

thickness of wing, how the thinness decreases from wing tip to root in regard of the cord

What is limit load and ultimate load?

limit load - aircraft shape that does not return to normal

ultimate load - beyond the limit load at which the airplane experiences structural failure

how do you make sharper circles/turns

Reducing speed helps make sharper turns