ADHD Flashcards

Flashcards about Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder for exam preparation.

ADHD

A neurodevelopmental disorder exhibited as persistent age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that cause impairment in major life activities.

DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for ADHD

A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.

Selective attention

Tuning in to relevant stimuli while tuning out irrelevant stimuli.

Distractibility

Deficit in selective attention; becoming easily distracted by external, irrelevant stimuli

Sustained attention/vigilance

Maintaining attention for lengthy periods of time, especially on tasks that are not interesting.

Alerting

Initial response to a stimulus allowing for preparation for the task.

Hyperactivity-Impulsivity

Inability to voluntarily inhibit dominant or ongoing behavior.

Impulsivity

Inability to control immediate reactions or to think before acting.

Cognitive impulsivity

Disorganization, hurried thinking

Behavioral impulsivity

Difficulty inhibiting behavioral responses when situations require it.

Emotional impulsivity

Impatience, low frustration tolerance, hot temper, quickness to anger and irritability.

Predominantly Inattentive Presentation (ADHD-PI)

Meet diagnostic criteria for inattention (A1) but not hyperactivity-impulsivity (A2).

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation (ADHD-HI)

Meet diagnostic criteria for hyperactivity-impulsivity (A2) but not inattention (A1).

Combined Presentation (ADHD-C)

Meet diagnostic criteria for both inattention (A1) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (A2).

Executive Functions

Cognitive processes (e.g. working memory), language processes (e.g. self-directed speech), motor processes (e.g. response inhibition), emotional processes (e.g. emotion regulation).

Positive illusory bias

Exaggeration of one’s competence.

Stimulant medication

Managing ADHD symptoms at school and home.

Parent management training

Managing disruptive child behaviour at home, reducing parent-child conflict, and promoting prosocial and self-regulating behaviours.

Educational intervention

Managing disruptive classroom behaviour, improving academic performance, teaching prosocial and self-regulating behaviours.

Summer treatment programs

Enhancing present adjustment at home and future success at school by combining many of the primary and additional treatments in an intensive summer treatment program.

Family counselling

Coping with individual and family stresses associated with ADHD, including mood disturbance and marital strain.

Support groups

Connecting adults with other parents of children with ADHD, sharing information and experiences about common concerns, and providing emotional support.

Individual counselling

Provides a supportive relationship in which the youth can discuss personal concerns and feelings.