chem ch. 1-3+ elements 1-36

The sample expands to fill its container.

gas

The substance has a definite shape and a definite volume.

solid

The substance has a definite volume but not a definite shape.

liquid

chemistry

is the field of study concerned with the characteristics, composition, and transformations of matter.

matter

is anything that has mass and occupies space.

What physical characteristic distinguishes gases from solids?

both definite volume and definite shape

What physical characteristic is the same for the gaseous and solid states?

no common physical characteristics

Which of the following is a characteristic of both liquids and gases?

indefinite shape

The characterization “completely fills its container” describes which state of matter?

gaseous state

The characterization “indefinite shape, definite volume” applies to which state of matter?

liquid

property

is a distinguishing characteristic of a substance that is used in its identification and description.

physical property

is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the basic identity of the substance. Common physical properties include color, physical state (solid, liquid, or gas), melting point, boiling point, and hardness.

chemical property

is a characteristic of a substance that describes the way the substance undergoes or resists change to form a new substance. For example, objects made of copper turn green when exposed to moist air for long periods of time

rusting of iron

chemical

grilling a steak

chemical

removing nail polish

physical

physical change

is a process in which a substance changes its physical appearance but not its chemical composition. A new substance is never formed as a result of a physical change.

chemical change

is a process in which a substance undergoes a change in chemical composition

pure substance

is a single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical means.

mixture

is composed of two or more pure substances physically mixed such that each substance retains its own chemical identity

iron metal

pure substance

acid rain

mixture

salad dressing

mixture

heterogeneous mixture

is a mixture that contains visibly different phases (parts), each of which has different properties. A nonuniform appearance is a characteristic of all heterogeneous mixtures. Examples include blueberry muffins, rocks, soils, and wood.

homogeneous mixture

is a mixture that contains only one visibly distinct phase, which has uniform properties throughout. The components present in a homogeneous mixture are not visible to the naked eye. A sugar–water mixture in which all of the sugar has dissolved has an appearance similar to that of pure water.

chicken soup

heterogeneous

pure air

homogeneous

granite

heterogeneous

element

is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pure substances by chemical means such as a chemical reaction, an electric current, heat, or a beam of light. An element is the simplest form of matter. Elements are the building blocks for all other forms of matter.

compound

is a pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler pure substances by chemical means. Water is a compound. For example, by using an electric current in the lab, water can be broken down into the gases hydrogen and oxygen, both of which are elements

elements and compounds are…

both pure substances

a compound can be separated into its elements

chemical means

known elements?

118

correct characteristics of a compound are…

has properties different than its constituent elements

What physical characteristic distinguishes between the two states listed? Liquids and Solids

indefinite shape vs definite shape

gases and liquids

indefinite volume vs definite volume

solid at room temp

physical property

ignites upon heating in air

chemical property

hydrogen gas is produced when it is dissolved in acids

chemical property

Silver salts discolor the skin by reacting with skin protein.

chemical

Hemoglobin molecules have a red color.

physical

Beryllium metal vapor is extremely toxic to humans.

chemical

Hydrogen

H Nonmental

Helium

He nonmetal

Lithium

Li metal

Beryllium

Be Metal

Boron

B mettalloids

Carbon

C Nonmental

Nitrogen

N nonmetal

Oxygen

O nonmetal

Fluorine

F nonmetal

Neon

Ne Nonmetal

Sodium

Na metal

Magnesium

Mg metal

Aluminum

Al metal

Silicon

Si metalloid

Phosphorus

P nonmetal

Sulfur

S nonmetal

Chlorine

Cl nonmetal

Argon

Ar nonmetal

Potassium

K metal

Calcium

Ca metal

Scandium

Sc metal

Titanium

Ti metal

Vanadium

V

Chromium

Cr metal

Maganese

Mn metal

Iron

Fe metal

Cobalt

Co metal

Nickel

Ni metal

Copper

Cu metal

Zinc

Zn metal

Gallium

Ga metal

Germanium

Ge metalloids

Arsenic

As metalloids

Selenium

Se nonmetal

Bromine

Br nonmetal

Krypton

Kr

Rubidium

Rb metal

Barium

Ba metal

Iodine

I nonmetal

which of the following apply to the neutron?

mass = 1 amu, charge = 0

Protons and electrons are equal in mass, but opposite in charge

false

possesses a negative charge

electron

has no charge

neutron

has a mass slightly less than that of a neuron

proton

has a charge equal to, but opposite in sign from, that of an electron

proton

Consider an atom that contains 23 protons, 28 neutrons, and 23 electrons.

51=23+28

Consider an atom that has an atomic number of 24 and a mass number of 56.

protons = 24, neutrons = 32

d=deci=

10^-1

c=centi=

10^-2

M=mega=

10^6

m=milli=

10^-3

G=giga=

10^9

n=nano

10^-9

µ=micro

10^-6

0.0022 sig figs?

2

21.118 sig figs?

5

197.016 sig figs?

6

0.1172 sig figs?

4