D2.1.3 Equal and unequal cytokinesis

What is cytokinesis?

The process of dividing the cytoplasm of a parent cell into two daughter cells.

How does cytokinesis resemble dividing a pizza?

Cytokinesis can split the cytoplasm evenly or give one daughter cell a larger share, similar to dividing a pizza between friends.

What is equal cytokinesis?

Equal cytokinesis is the process where the cytoplasm is divided equally between daughter cells.

What are the key features of equal cytokinesis?

Symmetrical division; Organelle distribution; Purpose of growth and maintenance.

Why is equal cytokinesis important for skin cells?

It ensures that both daughter cells receive the resources needed for survival and function.

What happens to the polar bodies in oogenesis?

Polar bodies are small cells with minimal cytoplasm that eventually degenerate.

What is the misconception about unequal cytokinesis?

That it always produces a non-functional smaller cell. The smaller cell can be functional if it receives a nucleus and essential organelles.

How does unequal cytokinesis occur in budding yeast?

A small outgrowth forms on the parent cell, which receives a nucleus and a small portion of the cytoplasm, and then detaches.

What is the purpose of unequal cytokinesis in oogenesis?

To prioritize the distribution of cytoplasm to produce a single large egg cell capable of supporting early embryonic development.

What happens to the secondary oocyte during fertilization?

If fertilization occurs, the secondary oocyte completes meiosis II, resulting in a large mature ovum and another polar body.

What are the applications of unequal cytokinesis?

Reproductive strategies: Ensures the egg has resources for development; Rapid reproduction: Budding in yeast allows quick population growth.

What is the difference between equal and unequal cytokinesis?

Equal cytokinesis produces two identical daughter cells, while unequal cytokinesis creates daughter cells of different sizes and roles.

Give an example of equal cytokinesis.

Equal cytokinesis is common in cells that need to grow and repair tissues, such as skin cells.

What happens to organelles during equal cytokinesis?

Each daughter cell receives at least one mitochondrion and other essential organelles.

Why is unequal cytokinesis advantageous in yeast?

It allows for quick population growth in environments with abundant resources.