Basic Human Nutrition chapter 10

True or false? Megaloblastic anemia can occur as a result of a folate or B-12 deficiency

True

True or false? Biotin is a coenzyme needed for certain metabolic reactions that add CO2 to other compounds

True

RDA for folate for adults who are not pregnant or breastfeeding

400 micrograms per day

True or false? Folate metabolism is dependent on B-12

True

Physicians may prescribe mega doses of what to reduce risk of stroke in patients who can't tolerate statins?

Niacin

What is needed to make coenzyme A?

Pantothenic acid

True or false? Riboflavin is a component of flavin adenine dinucleotide

True

True or false? Thiamin is a component of flavin mononucleotide, which cells need to synthesize neurotransmitters

False

Can the body make choline?

Yes

What is necessary for the formation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine involved in muscle contraction, memory, and learning?

Choline

Leading site for cancer deaths among men and women in the US as of 2020?

Lung

Which contains the least biotin:

Orange juice

Sunflower seeds

Beef liver

Peanuts

Orange juice

Abigail consumed 50 micrograms of natural food folate and 100 micrograms of synthetic folate. How many dietary folate equivalents (DFEs) did Abigail consume?

220 DFE

Total mcg DFE= (mcg naturally occuring food folate) + (mcg synthetic folic acid × 1.7)

Which provides the most folate?

1 papaya

1 cup raw spinach

½ cup enriched white rice

1 cup orange juice

1 papaya

Ariboflavinosis

Riboflavin deficiency disease

Beriberi

Thiamin deficiency disease

Malignant tumors

Cancerous tumors

Charcoal broiled meats may be a source of

Heterocylic amines

Which vitamin like compound is most important for supporting vision?

Taurine

Lipoic acid

Choline

Carnitine

Taurine

Carnitine

Important for fatty acid metabolism

Choline

Component of lecithin found in egg yolks

What is NOT a key role of vitamin C?

Serving as a coenzyme in energy metabolism

Vitamin C enhances absorption of what?

Iron

Georgiana is 75, very healthy, and only takes one prescription drug that reduces her stomach’s acid production. Based on this info, she is at risk of developing what?

Nerve damage

Mia lacks sufficient amounts of intrinsic factor. What is she at risk for?

Anemia

Folate and B-12

Important as methyl donors in homocysteine metabolism

B-12 injections

Treatment for pernicious anemia

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb what?

B-12

Rich sources of folate

Green leafy veggies and orange juice

B-6

Converts homocysteine to cysteine

Symptoms of riboflavin deficiency

Glossitis, cheilosis, red-purple tongue

Folate, B6 and B12

Metabolize homocysteine

Numb hands and unsteady walking

Signs of B6 toxicity

Severe facial flushing

Symptom of niacin toxicity

Tryotophan

Precursor for niacin

Which contains most riboflavin?

1 cup kefir

Cooked whole egg

1 cup raw kale

Whole avocado

1 cup kefir

Dairy

Food group that is a rich source of riboflavin

Riboflavin

Exposing milk to light can reduce its what content

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Degenerative brain disorder that most often occurs in alcoholics the condition is the result of a deficiency in thiamin

Riboflavin

Found in FMN AND FAD, important for carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism

Niacin

Found in NAD and NADP, important for energy metabolism

B6

Important in protein metabolism as a component of PLP

Pantothenic acid

Component of coenzyme A

Niacin, riboflavin, thiamin

Added to refined grain products as part of enrichment process

Biotin

The human body can synthesize this by intestinal bacteria and absorb some of it

B12

Compared to other water soluble vitamins, the body can store large amounts of this