Quiz 1: Properties and States of Matter

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

- Pure substance

- Mixture

Matter can be a _____________ or a _____________

Pure Substances

Matter:

_______________ cannot be separated by physical means

1. Element

2. Compound (mix of elements)

State two examples of Matter as a pure substance

Mixture

Matter:

A ____________ is a combination of two or more substances

- homogeneous

- heterogeneous

A mixture can be ____________ or ____________

Homogeneous Mixture

Matter:

A ______________ is a mixture which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture (solution)

Homogeneous

Sugar water is an example of a __________________ mixture

Heterogeneous Mixture

Matter:

A _______________ is a mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily (has distinct phases)

Heterogeneous

Oil and vinegar is an example of a ___________________ mixture

Heterogeneous

Chicken noodle soup is an example of a _________________ mixture

- elements are substances that cannot be broken down any further

- compounds are substances formed from two or more elements

Pure substance:

What is the difference between Elements and compounds?

- element

- compound

Au is an example of an _____________and H2O is an example of a ____________

Distillation

________________ is separation based on evaporation and condensation

Filtration

______________ is separation based on solubility differences (how well it dissolves)

- Intensive

- Extensive

- Chemical

- Physical

Properties of matter can be

1. ______________

2. ______________

3. ______________

4. ______________

Intensive

_____________ properties of matter are independent of sample size

Extensive

______________ properties of matter are dependent on sample size

Physical

________________ properties of matter can be observed without changing chemical makeup

Chemical

_______________ properties of matter describe how a substance undergoes change

Intensive, Physical (b)

Determine which statement is true

a. Density is an extensive, physical property of matter

b. Density is an Intensive, physical property of matter

c. Density is an extensive, chemical property of matter

d. Density is an intensive, chemical property of matter

Extensive

Mass is an ________________ property of matter

1. Has a melting point

2. Is malleable - can be hammered into sheets

3. Is ductile - can be drawn into wires

4. Is soft

What are the specific properties of Au?

d = m/v (mass/volume)

d = g/mL (grams/milliliters)

State the equation for Density

Temperature

Density decreases as _____________ increases

They are both physical properties of matter

What does the melting point and boiling point have in common?

Melting Point

The ____________ is the temperature at which solid becomes liquid

Boiling Point

The ______________ is the temperature at which liquid becomes gas

Chemical Reaction

A ____________ Involves breaking and forming of chemical bonds

1. Solid - has definite shape and volume

2. Liquid - has definite volume (no shape)

3. Gas - has no shape or volume

What are the 3 states of Matter and how do they differ?

Absorbed

Energy is _____________

Solid -> Liquid -> Gas

Released

Energy is _____________

Gas -> Liquid -> Solid

Melting - Solid converting into liquid

Freezing - Liquid converting into solid

What happens when

Solid -> Liquid

Liquid -> Solid

Evaporation - Liquid converting into Gas

Condensation - Gas converting into liquid

What happens when

Liquid -> Gas

Gas -> Liquid

Sublimation - Solid converting into gas

Deposition - Gas converting into solid

What happens when

Solid -> Gas

Gas -> Solid

Precision

____________ is the closeness of measurements to each other

Accuracy

____________ is the closeness of measurement to the known/true (average) value

Student 1 is more precise and more accurate

Which is more precise, and which is more accurate?

Student 1 →

5.05g 4.95g 5.00g

Avg = 5.00g

Student 2 →

5.76g 4.85g 5.16g

Avg = 5.25g

- Student 1 is more precise

- Student 2 is more accurate

Which is more precise, and which is more accurate?

Student 1 ->

6.00g 6.01g 6.00g

Student 2 ->

4.00g 5.00g 6.00g

5.05g (a)

Which measurement is more accurate to 5.00g?

a. 5.05g

b. 5.76g

Exact Numbers

___________ have no uncertainty (infinite significant figures)

1. Counting numbers

2. Definitions (measurements)

State two examples of Exact numbers

a. 4

b. 3

c. 3

d. 4

e. 6

f. 3

g. 3

h. 5

How many sig figs?

a. 2.340

b. 2.34

c. 2340

d. 0.002343

e. 1020.80

f. 80.0

g. 6.02 x 10 ^23

h. 6.0030 x 10 ^-8

a. 0.004190

b. 2.411 x 10^-8

c. 320700

Round to nearest 4 sig figs

a. 0.0041898

b. 2.41090 x 10 ^-8

c. 320740

- sig fig

- decimal places

Sig fig calculations:

multiplication/division → number of ____________

addition/subtraction → number of _______________

a. 2.0

b. 3.00

c. 16 m/g

d. 0.13 cm/s^2

Sig fig calculations

a. 2.0000 x 1.0

b. 5.0000 - 2.00

c. (5.691m x 4.00m) / (2.1g - 0.673g)

d. (16.23cm + 4.456cm) / (13.1s x 12s)