Vibriosis and Related Pathogens

This set of flashcards contains key terms and definitions related to vibrios and other related pathogens, focusing on their characteristics, pathogenic potential, and epidemiological significance.

Vibrio cholerae

The causative agent of cholera, known for its two biotypes: classical and El Tor.

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae

Strains that are recognized by an O:1 antiserum and implicated in epidemic cholera.

Acute intestinal toxic infection

A type of infection caused by Vibrio cholerae O1, characterized by profuse diarrhea and vomiting.

Rice water stools

The appearance of stools in cholera, which are clear and watery with mucous debris.

Contamination

The transmission route for cholera, occurring through ingestion of contaminated water and food.

Aeromonas

A genus of Gram-negative, aero-anaerobic bacilli, often associated with waterborne infections.

Plesiomonas shigelloides

The only species in the genus Plesiomonas, involved in gastroenteritis, particularly in tropical areas.

Campylobacter

Gram-negative bacilli recognized for their distinct comma-shaped morphology and micro-aerophilic metabolism.

C. jejuni

A species of Campylobacter that is frequently responsible for diarrhea in humans.

Pathophysiology of cholera

Involves the ingestion of the bacteria, colonization of the small intestine, and production of cholera toxin.

Cholera toxin

A heat-labile toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae that leads to increased fluid secretion in the intestines.

Epidemiological significance of cholera

Cholera is often spread through contaminated water and has caused several global pandemics since the 19th century.

Aeromonas pathogenic potential

Aeromonas species can cause various infections, including skin infections, gastrointestinal illnesses, and septicemia.

Micro-aerophilic

A requirement for reduced oxygen levels for growth, characteristic of Campylobacter species.

O antigens

Structures present in Aeromonas that are important for serotyping and identification.

Choleriform enterotoxin

A toxin produced by Aeromonas that has similarities to cholera toxin and stimulates cAMP production.