Ch 11: The Anatomy of the Nervous System - The Brain and the Spinal Cord
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/236
Earn XP
Description and Tags
BIOL 2301 - Margarita Bracamone - HCCS
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
237 Terms
What are the organs of the nervous system?
BrainSpinal cordNervesEarsEyes
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
The central and the peripheral nervous system.
What is the function of the central nervous system?
To integrate, processes, and coordinate sensory data about conditions inside and outside the body.
What are the two organs of the central nervous system?
The brain and the spinal cord.
What is the most complicated part of the nervous system?
The brain.
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
To relay information from neurons to the brain and spinal cord.
What are organ examples of the peripheral nervous system?
Eyes, ears, nerves, etc.
What is the main tissue found in the organs of the nervous system?
Nervous tissue.
What part of the skull does the spinal cord come through?
The foramen magnus.
What part of the vertebral column does the spinal cord end at?
Between the L1 and L2 vertebrae.
Where are spinal taps done?
Between L3 and L4.
How many segments does the spinal cord have?
31.
What are the two enlargements/thickening of the spinal cord called?
The cervical and the lumbar enlargements.
Where does the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord supply nerves to?
The shoulder and upper limbs.
Where is the cervical enlargement found?
In the upper back.
What part of the spinal cord is this?
The cervical enlargement.
Where does the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord supply nerves to?
The pelvis and the lower limbs.
Where is the lumbar enlargement found?
In the lower back.
What part of the spinal cord is this?
The lumbar enlargement.
What is the conus medullaris?
The area that marks the end of the spinal cord.
Where is the conus medullaris?
On vertebrae L1/L2.
What are the parts of a spinal cord?
The white and grey matter.
What is the outer portion of the spinal cord made out of?
The white matter.
What is the inner portion of the spinal cord made out of?
The grey matter.
What parts of neurons are found in the white matter of the spinal cord?
Myelinated axons.
What parts of neurons are found in the grey matter of the spinal cord?
The cell bodies, dendrites, and initial segments.
What is at the center of the spinal cord?
The central canal.
What is the central canal of the spinal cord?
The connection of the spinal cord to the ventricles of the brain.
What do the central canal and ventricles contain?
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
What is the dorsal ganglion root canal?
Acts as a sensory receiver that sends the nerves front of the body to the brain.
What does the dorsal ganglion root contain?
Cell bodies from sensory neurons.
What is the difference between the dorsal root and the dorsal root ganglion?
The dorsal root is the axons of the cell bodies that come from neural cell bodies which are housed in the ganglion.
What does the ventral root contain?
Myelinated axons from motor neurons.
What are the cell bodies of motor neurons located?
The grey matter of the spinal cord.
What part of the spinal cord is this?
The white matter.
What part of the spinal cord is this?
The grey matter.
What part of the spinal cord is this?
The central canal.
What part of the spinal cord is this?
The dorsal root ganglion.
What part of the spinal cord is this?
The ventral root ganglion.
What part of the spinal cord is this?
The spinal nerve.
What part of the spinal cord is this?
The dorsal root.
What part of the spinal cord is this?
The ventral root.
What are the two functions of the spinal cord?
Center for several spinal reflexesConduit for nerves to the brain or from the brain to other body parts
What is a reflex?
A rapid, automatic response to a specific stimulus which maintains homeostasis by negative feedback.
What do reflexes involve?
Sensory and motor neurons and interneurons.
What is the route followed by a reflex called?
A reflex arc.
How many steps are there in a reflex arc?
Five.
What is the first step of a reflex arc?
Arrival of a stimulus and activation of receptors.
What is the second step of a reflex arc?
Activation of a sensory neuron.
What is the third step of a reflex arc?
Information processing at the central nervous system.
What is the fourth step of a reflex arc?
Activation of a motor neuron which comes from the firing of a nerve impulse that goes out of the central nervous system to an effector.
What is the fifth and final step of a reflex arc?
The response by a peripheral effector like a muscle or gland cell.
What is the simplest reflex arc?
The stretch arc.
What are the neurons involved in a stretch arc?
One motor and one sensory.
What is the receptor in a stretch arc?
The sensory neuron.
What is the speed of a stretch reflex?
Fast.
What is an example of a stretch reflex?
The patellar reflex that causes rapid leg extension from a tap under the kneecap.
What neurons do most reflexes involve?
Three: one motor, one sensory, and one interneuron.
What two types of nerves are found in the peripheral nervous system?
Cranial and spinal.
How many cranial nerves are there?
12 pairs so 24 nerves.
What do cranial nerves directly connect to?
The brain.
How many spinal nerves are there?
What do the spinal nerves connect/arise from?
The spinal cord.
How many cervical spinal nerves are there?
8 pairs so 16 nerves.
How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?
12 pairs so 24 nerves.
How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?
5 pairs so 10 nerves.
How many sacral spinal nerves are there?
5 pairs so 10 nerves.
How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?
1 pair so 2 nerves.
What are the cranial nerves ordered like?
Numerical order, from 1-12.
What are the three types of nerves? SensoryMotorMixed
What are sensory nerves?
Axons from sensory neurons.
What direction do sensory nerves conduct in?
Into the brain or spinal cord.
What are motor nerves?
Axons from motor neurons.
What direction do sensory nerves conduct in?
out of the brain or spinal cord to an effector like a muscle or a gland.
What are sensory nerves?
Axons from sensory neurons.
What is the most common type of nerve in the body?
Mixed nerves, that are both sensory and motor.
What is the first cranial nerve?
The olfactory nerve.
Where is the olfactory nerve found in the brain?
In the nasal area.
What is the function of the olfactory nerve?
Gives one the sense of smell.
What kind of nerve is the olfactory nerve?
Sensory.
What is the second cranial nerve?
The optic nerve.
What is the function of the optic nerve?
Gives one the sense of sight.
Where is the optic nerve found in the brain?
In the eye area.
What kind of nerve is the optic nerve?
Sensory.
What is the third cranial nerve?
The oculomotor nerve.
Where is the oculomotor nerve found in the brain?
Behind the eye area.
What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?
Movement of eyeball and pupil width from light sensing.
What kind of nerve is the oculomotor nerve?
Motor.
What is the fourth cranial nerve?
The trochlear nerve.
Where is the trochlear nerve found in the brain?
Superior to the oblique muscle but in the brain.
What is the function of the trochlear nerve?
Movement of the superior oblique muscle.
What kind of nerve is the trochlear nerve?
Motor.
What is the fifth cranial nerve?
The trigeminal nerve.
Where is the trigeminal nerve found in the brain?
In the center of the brain anterior the trochlear.
What is the function of the trigeminal nerve in terms of sensory?
Serves for the face, teeth, sinuses, etc.
What is the function of the trigeminal nerve in terms of motor?
Muscles of mastication.
What kind of nerve is the trigeminal nerve?
Mixed, both sensory and motor.
What is the sixth cranial nerve?
The abducent motor nerve.
Where is the abducent motor nerve found in the brain?
Anterior the trigeminal nerve.
What is the function of the abducent motor nerve?
Movement of the eyeball.