1304- What is a CBC/Intro to Hemato (1)

Define hematology

the study of blood and blood disorders

CBC stands for?

Complete blood count

Lymphocyte count increase indicates?

bacterial infection, leukemia

Lymphocyte count decrease indicates?

viral infection

Name 5 WBCs

Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil

How long do neutrophils, memory lymphocytes, and then most lymphocytes live?

Neutro= hours

M. lympho= years

Most= days

Normal lympho range

4.0-11.0x10^9 /L

Erythrocyte contain what? Are shaped how? And circulate in the blood for how long?

Contain hemoglobin (protein)

Shapes as bi-concave discs

Circulate 120 days

Male vs female normal erythrocyte range

M: 4.7-6.1x10^12/L

F: 4.2-5.4x10^12/L

HgB

hemoglobin

HgB female vs male normal range

M: 140-180 g/L

F: 120-160 g/L

What does HgB do?

its a protein in RBC = carries O2 to tissues/CO2 from organs to lungs

Low HgB means?

Anemia

HCT

hematocrit

Hematocrit male vs female normal ranges

Males 0.42-0.52

Females 0.37-0.47

MCV

mean corpuscular volume

MCV measures what?

measures avg size of RBC in your body

Low MCV can point to what conditions?

iron deficient, anemia, thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, etc

High MCV can point to what conditions?

megaloblastic anemia, alcoholism, B12 deficiency

Normal MCV range?

80-100fL

How is MCV calculated?

MCV= (Hct/RBC) x 1000

Why is MCV delta tested?

It never changes unless someone has many transfusions

MCH

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

What does MCH measure?

Avg quantity of HgB in a single RBC

Normal MCH range

Normal: 27-31pg

MCHC

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

MCHC calculation?

MCHC = (HgB/Hct)

MCHC normal range

Normal range: 320-360

Platelet (PLT) count normal range?

Normal: 150-450 x10^9/L

PLT crit values? Low vs High

Low 20.0x10^9/L

High 1000x10^9/L

RDW

red cell distribution width

Normal RDW range

Normal: 11.5-14.5%

What is a low RDW the first indication of?

anemia

What does an RDW test measure?

measures the range in the volume and size of your RBCs

High RDW is aka? Its old terminology the teacher said no one uses anymore

anisocytosis

Who has higher RDWs?

dual populations or transfused PTs

MPV

mean platelet volume

MPV measures what?

Machine-calculated measure of the average size of platelets found in blood

When is MPV tested?

included in blood tests as part of the CBC

What does high MPV indicate?

High MPV indicates large/giant platelets

%Neut is aka?

RELATIVE NEUTROPHIL COUNT

Which lymphocyte is the 1st to respond?

Neutrophil, help fight infection

Neutrophils make up what % of the bodys WBC population?

Most abundant

40-70%

% lymphocyte is increased when?

Increased in viral infection, helps body fight off infection

ALSO higher in kids

% lymphocyte normal range?

Normal: 20-40%

% monocyte norm range?

Normal: 2-8%

Name 3 of monocytes functions:

Fight certain infections

Help other WBCs remove dead/damaged cells and fight cancer cells

Can differentiate into macrophages and conventional dendritic cells

Which is the largest leukocyte?

monocyte

% eosinophil norm range?

Normal: 1-4%

What are eosinophils responsible for?

combating multicellular parasites and some infections as they are a type of disease-fighting WBC

% basophil norm range?

Least common type of granulocyte

Normal: 0.5-1%

Largest type of granulocyte?

basophil

Basophil responsibility?

fights fungal, bacterial, and viral infections

name 2 disease states that can cause low PLTs?

ITP, TTP

Why do we do correlation checks with HgB/CT when it comes to hematocrit (HCT)?

its a calculated parameter that is also a significant part of QA for the CBC

The HCT correlation check is known as?

The "rule of 3"

RBC x 3 = HgB

HgB x 3 = Hct +/- 3

What 2 other values is MCH related to?

MCV

MCHC

What are the three RBC indices?

MCV

MCHC

MCH

MCH equation:

MCH=(HgB/RBC)

High eosinophil levels indicates what?

Indicates parasitic infection, allergic rxn, cancer

What is blood eosinophilia and tissue eosinophilia?

High levels in the blood or in tissues (at the site of infection or inflammation)

2 parameters of the WBC/D are?

relative and absolute counts

Relative count is?

% of each WBC IDd in a 100-cell count

What is absolute count good for?

for looking at the true and complete distribution of WBC

Absolute count equation:

(each WBC %)x(PT total WBC count)

What disease state could a MCHC >360 indicate?

Spherocytosis (only spherocyte on smear), hemolytic anemia (crit), burns, macrocytic anemias (visible under scope), liver disease

What can cause false positives for MCHC tests? And how can you tell?

occur in cold agglutinin disease (CAD)

Water bath the sample, rerun, neg result = CAD, not hemolytic anemia