History of Africa Study Guide (SS7H1)

Why did European nations want to colonize Africa?

For natural resources, land, and trade routes.

Define "Imperialism"

the practice of a larger country or government growing stronger by taking over poorer or weaker countries that have important resources.

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

to divide Africa among European nations

Who did NOT participate in the Berlin Conference?

Africa

Which European colony gained the most land in the "scramble for Africa"?

Great Britain

Describe at least three results of the scramble for Africa:

Africa was divided

It is under European control

European powers got many resources

When did many Africans begin to challenge colonial rule?

It was unfair to them

What was the Pan-African Movement?

Pan-Africanism is a worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous ethnic groups of African descent

Define nationalism

pride in one's country

When did Nigeria become a colony of Great Britain?

1960

How did Nigeria gain its independence from Great Britain in 1960?

Peaceful protests

Over 11,000 Africans were killed while fighting for independence from Great Britain in which country?

Kenya

When did Kenya gain its independence from Great Britain?

1963

What was apartheid?

Strict racial segregation and discrimination against nonwhites practiced in South Africa

Make a connection between apartheid to a time period in the United States' history:

Racism

Who held the power during apartheid?

F.W. de Klerk

Why was the African National Congress formed?

The African Nation Congress was formed to help lead the struggle against the apartheid

As a lawyer, what did Nelson Mandela vow to do

to end Apartheid

Why was Mandela arrested and sentenced to life in prison?

For protesting the government

How did the US and other countries around the world react to Mandela's imprisonment?

They stopped trading with the British because of the decision they made

What is F.W. de Klerk credited for doing?

For getting Mandela out of jail

When did South Africa's first free election occur?

April 26-29, 1994

What was the result of that election?

Mandela became the first black president of South Africa