Subluxation FINAL (copy)

What is the term that refers to the chiropractic X-ray analysis?

spinography

How do we analyze chiropractic x-rays?

P-A

What part of the VSC do X-rays account for?

Kinesiopathology

histopathology

What part of the PART system do X-rays account for?

Asymmetry/misalignment

range of motion

The OPL and APL diverge, what listing does that give you?

AS C1

What view would you give the extension fixation listing for C3?

lateral cervical

What view would you give a rotation fixation for C1?

APOM

Which view gives you the Z-axis listing for occiput?

APOM

Which view gives you the Y-axis listing for C4?

AP cervical

What findings can we find on a lateral cervical view?

Occiput→AS or PS

Atlas→ AS or AI

C2-C7→ P

What findings can we find on an APOM view?

Occiput→LS/RS; LA/LP or RA/RP

atlas→L or R, A or P

What findings can we get on a AP pelvic view?

Ilium→ PI/AS, IN/EX

Sacrum→ P-R or P-L

Can we see a subluxation on x-rays?

no

What view would you find your wedging listing?

AP cervical

What four things does instrumentation measure?

1. thermoregualtion 

2. minute head difference

3. vasoconstriction and dilation

4. dermal thermic asymmetry

What are the 7 things that neruopathology observes?

1. History

2. instrumentation 

3. deep tendon reflexes 

4. sensory exam

5. motor exam 

6. imaging

7. nerve conduction velocity

What are the 5 things that myopathology observes?

1. history 

2. palpation

3. motor exam

4. posture

5. electromyography

What are the 5 things that histopathology observes?

1. history

2. visualization

3. palpation 

4. imaging

5. blood chem

Where are cervical breaks marked?

¼ inch below

Where are thoracolumbar breaks marked?

½ inch above

What is a break?

repeatable and one dermatone

What is a pattern?

repeatable on one whole scan

What is a heat swing?

normal over multiple segments

Who developed the PART system?

Medicare

What does the PART system stand for?

P- pain or tenderness

A- asymmetry or misalignment

R- range of motion

T- tissue tone changes

How many parts of the PART system are needed for a diagnosis?

2

What are some examples of assemetry?

posture, palpation, x-ray

What are some examples of tone?

muscle tone, instrumentation, leg check

What part of the VSC is tissue prominence?

kinesiopathology

What part of the VSC is pain?

neuropathology

What part of the VSC is muscle tonicity?

myopathology

What part of the VSC is edema, inflammation, and redness?

histopathology

What part of the PART system is palpable tenderness?

pain

What part of the PART system is tissue prominence?

asymmetry

What part of the PART system is edema and muscle tonicity?

tissue and tone

What are the advantages of Tytron?

highly reproducible

low learning curve

patient education 

outcome assessment

What parts of the VSC does the tytron contribute?

neuropathology

histopathology

What part of the PART system is tytron findings?

Tone

What is patient placement for tytron?

seated at back

feet out

hands in lap

access to S3 to C1

Where do rollers start with tytron?

S3

What do the barrels start with tytron?

S2

What is the timing for tytron?

1 sec/segment

What mastoid finding for tytron is significant?

greater than or equal to 0.5

How do you do the mastoid reading for tytron?

right on right first

How many seconds do you hold trigger for mastoid fossa reading?

3 seconds

What angle to hold the tytron for the mastoid fossa reading?

90 degrees

What is the ideal measurement timeline for the tytron?

3 scans over 24 hrs

What are the 2 limitations for instrumentation?

reliability

reproducibility

Are warm receptors myelinated?

no

Are cold receptors myelinated?

yes

IF you have a global curve on the left, what way would you bend patient for stacking?

left

If a patient has a global curve to the left, what way would you bend to create a smooth curve?

right

What is the X of the cartesian system?

extension (-)

flexion (+)

What is the Y of the cartesian system?

rotation

L (+)

R (-)

What is the Z of the cartesian system?

lateral bend

L (-)

R (+)

What motion gives PS occiput?

occiput glide

What is patient placement for cervical glide?

seated to back of stool

upright posture

legs uncrossed 

hands in lap

chin tucked

T/F dimpling means there’s a good air seal with nervoscope

true

Where is the bowl for the cervical glide?

above barrels

Where is the bowl for cervical glide mid?

leveled out

Where is the bowl for cervical glide end for C1 and occiput?

lower than barrels

What is the doctors stand for thoracolumbar glide?

scissored

forward knee touching 

dual hand grip

Where do you start a thoracolumbar glide?

C7

What is the glide speed for thoracolumbar glide?

2 seconds per segment

Where do you end thoracolumbar glide?

S2

What is the probe width for thoracolumbar glide?

parallel to outward

What is the probe width for cervical glide?

parallel to inward

Where is the bowl at beginning of thoracolumbar glide?

above barrels

Where is a break for occiput and C1?

suboccipital- between 2 segments

Where is a break for C2-T3?

interspinous space below

Where is a break for T4?

at its own spinous level

Where is a break for T5-T9?

interspinous space above

Where is a break for T10-T12?

at its own spinous level

Where is a break for L1-L5?

lower 25% of spinous of involved segment

What is proper documentation for nervoscope?

segmental level

direction of break 

amplitude

What part of the VSC is position/motion?

kinesiopathology

What part of the VSC is reflexes/altered sensation/pain

neuropathology

What part of the VSC is tone/weakness/ atrophy?

myopathology

What part of the VSC is edema/inflammation?

histopathology

What part of the VSC is the cornerstone of chiro theory?

neuropathology

What part of PART goes with gait abnormalities?

Assemetry

What are the 6 static palpation components?

skin

edema

muscle tonicity superficial

muscle tonicity deep

tissue prominence

palpable tenderness

In the palmer-gonstead listing system, we compare which segments?

segment above to segment below

What would be the x-axis finding for the PLI-T?

extension fixation

What would be the y-axis finding for the PRS?

right rotation fixation

What would be the z-axis finding for a PLS?

left lateral bend

The cartesian coordinate system is a __ hand system

right

What are the three questions we ask on lateral cervical view?

1. Where is the FML above the APL

In the posterior→ PS

In the anterior→ AS

2. APL and OPL diverge→ AS

APL and OPL converge→ AI

3. Do DPL intersect→ LL above and BL below= P

What are the questions that we use on APOM?

1. What side did occiput go superior on?

TCL and TAL diverge R→RS

TCL and TAL diverge L→ LS

2. What side did C1 go superior on?

TAL and AxPL diverge R→ R

TAL and AxPL diverge L →L

3. Atlas rotation

Larger #→ Anterior

Smaller #→ Posterior

The smaller number on the AP cervical shows __

side of rotation/spinous laterality

If the LL and BL are converging and you have PR, what would the rest of the listing be?

PRI-L

On AP pelvic, the larger number after measuring distance between crest and tuberosities = and smaller number =

PI

AS

What are the subscripts after the PI or AS for?

difference between measurements

SCL always passes through the __ side

Ex

What makes a sacrum listing significant?

distance between dots and s2 tubercle must be 6mm or greater